Hageman J R
Department of Pediatrics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, IL, USA.
J Perinatol. 1998 Sep-Oct;18(5):389-94.
Tuberculosis (TB) has become more prevalent in women of childbearing age and, as well, more frequent in their children. This has occurred for a number of reasons, including: (1) women and children who have immigrated to this country from areas where TB is endemic, such as Mexico and Southeast Asia; (2) the development of multidrug-resistant organisms; (3) the increase seen in patients who live in congregate areas who are at higher risk for acquisition of TB; (4) more difficult access to adequate medical care; and (5) increases in adults and children who have become infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The focus of this review is on congenital and perinatally acquired TB including discussion of epidemiology, the stages of TB, the effects of TB infection and disease during pregnancy on the fetus and mother, congenital and perinatal TB, the potential role of the use of BCG vaccine in infants, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB on therapy of the pregnant mother and her fetus and the mother and her infant after delivery.
结核病（TB）在育龄妇女中变得更为普遍，在她们的子女中也更为常见。这一情况的发生有多种原因，包括：（1）从结核病流行地区，如墨西哥和东南亚移民到该国的妇女和儿童；（2）多重耐药病原体的出现；（3）居住在结核病感染风险较高的聚居区的患者人数增加；（4）获得充分医疗护理的难度加大；（5）感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的成人和儿童人数增加。本综述的重点是先天性和围产期获得性结核病，包括流行病学讨论、结核病阶段、孕期结核病感染和疾病对胎儿和母亲的影响、先天性和围产期结核病、卡介苗在婴儿中的潜在作用，以及多重耐药结核病在孕妇及其胎儿以及产后母亲及其婴儿治疗中的出现。
