Kaplan S L, Mason E O
Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Oct;11(4):628-44. doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.4.628.
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are becoming more prevalent throughout the world; this has resulted in modifications of treatment approaches. Management of bacterial meningitis has the greatest consensus. Strategies for treating other systemic infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and musculoskeletal infections are evolving, in part related to the availability of new antibiotics which are active in vitro against isolates resistant to penicillin and the extended-spectrum cephalosporins. However, there are currently very limited data related to the clinical efficacy of these new agents. The studies upon which current recommendations are based are reviewed. Otitis media represents the single most common infection due to S. pneumoniae. Recommendations for treatment of acute otitis media due to drug-resistant strains and the rationale for these recommendations are discussed.
肺炎链球菌的耐药菌株在全球范围内正变得越来越普遍；这导致了治疗方法的改变。细菌性脑膜炎的管理具有最大的共识。治疗其他全身感染（如肺炎、菌血症和肌肉骨骼感染）的策略正在不断发展，部分原因是有了对体外对青霉素和广谱头孢菌素耐药的分离株有效的新抗生素。然而，目前关于这些新药物临床疗效的数据非常有限。对当前建议所依据的研究进行了综述。中耳炎是由肺炎链球菌引起的最常见的单一感染。讨论了耐药菌株引起的急性中耳炎的治疗建议及其依据。
