Dekaris D
Imunoloski zavod, Zagreb.
Lijec Vjesn. 1998 Mar-Apr;120(3-4):65-72.
Newborns and infants are particularly susceptible to infections, and this appears to be due to deficient immuneresponsiveness. The survey of the pertaining literature (95 references) reveals the particularities of newborns' and infants' immune responses. After the brief survey of basic immunological terms, innate (natural) and acquired (specific), systemic and local (regional) immune responses are described. Characteristics of cellular [leukocytes, polymorphonuclears, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK-) cells] and humoral (complement system, fibronectin, C-reactive protein) components of innate immunity are surveyed. Follows the analysis of cellular and humoral participants in specific immune responses: antigen presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), B cells (immunoglobulins), T cells (TCR-1 T cells, TCR-2 T cells). Finally, the characteristics of local immunity are described. The presented overview of the immune responses reveals a partial immune system's immaturity (maturational deficiency) in newborns and infants.
新生儿和婴儿特别容易受到感染，这似乎是由于免疫反应不足所致。对相关文献（95篇参考文献）的调查揭示了新生儿和婴儿免疫反应的特殊性。在简要介绍基本免疫学术语后，描述了先天性（自然）和获得性（特异性）、全身性和局部（区域性）免疫反应。调查了先天性免疫的细胞成分[白细胞、多形核细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞]和体液成分（补体系统、纤连蛋白、C反应蛋白）的特征。接着分析了特异性免疫反应中的细胞和体液参与者：抗原呈递细胞（巨噬细胞、树突状细胞）、B细胞（免疫球蛋白）、T细胞（TCR-1 T细胞、TCR-2 T细胞）。最后，描述了局部免疫的特征。所呈现的免疫反应概述揭示了新生儿和婴儿免疫系统存在部分不成熟（成熟缺陷）的情况。
