Fitzpatrick P C, Miller R H
Department of Otolaryngology/HNS, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, La., USA.
J La State Med Soc. 1998 Aug;150(8):340-3.
Vocal cord paralysis is a multifacted problem that affects patients of all ages and presents initially to a wide range of healthcare professionals. It can cause laryngeal dysfunction ranging from slight hoarseness to life-threatening airway obstruction. When confronted with a patient with new onset vocal cord paralysis, the physician should determine the etiology of the paralysis. Only after an accurate diagnosis, can restoration of laryngeal function be addressed. Peripheral lesions injuring the vagus nerve or its branches are responsible for 90% of all vocal cord paralysis. Etiologies include neoplasms, surgical iatrogenic injury, and blunt and penetrating trauma in the head, neck, and thorax. Thyroid surgery has historically been accountable for almost a third of reported unilateral vocal cord paralyses. However, recent review has demonstrated a dramatic reduction in this incidence to less than 5%. Numerous treatment options exist for patients with vocal cord paralysis. These treatments can drastically reduce the social and economic disability incurred by these patients.
声带麻痹是一个多因素问题，影响各年龄段的患者，最初会出现在众多医疗专业人员面前。它可导致从轻微声音嘶哑到危及生命的气道阻塞等喉部功能障碍。当面对一名新发声带麻痹的患者时，医生应确定麻痹的病因。只有在准确诊断之后，才能着手恢复喉部功能。损伤迷走神经或其分支的周围性病变是所有声带麻痹的90%的病因。病因包括肿瘤、手术医源性损伤以及头颈部和胸部的钝性和穿透性创伤。甲状腺手术历来占报告的单侧声带麻痹的近三分之一。然而，最近的综述表明，这一发病率已大幅降至不到5%。对于声带麻痹患者有多种治疗选择。这些治疗可大幅减少这些患者所遭受的社会和经济残疾。
