Johansson L
Statens ernaeringsråd, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1998 Sep 10;118(21):3299-303.
Norwegian society has undergone major changes in the 20th century, also with regard to its dietary habits. During the first half of the century dietary changes were characterised by a substantial decrease in the consumption of cereals and an increase in the use of margarine and other foods rich in fat. In the past 30 years there has been a major decrease in the consumption of potatoes, margarine and butter, a change from fatty to skimmed types of milk, and an increase in the consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, cheese, fatty snacks, and soft drinks. These changes were responsible for a rise in dietary fat content from approximately 20 to 40 E% during the first half of the century and a decrease to 30-34 E% during the last 20 years. Todays average diet contains satisfactory amounts of most nutrients. However, vitamin D levels are somewhat low, and among women of fertile age iron and folate intake is lower than recommended. Moreover, fat, sugar, salt, and alcohol content is higher than desirable, whereas fibrecontent is too low.
挪威社会在20世纪经历了重大变革，在饮食习惯方面也是如此。在20世纪上半叶，饮食变化的特点是谷类食品消费量大幅下降，人造黄油和其他富含脂肪的食品的使用量增加。在过去30年里，土豆、人造黄油和黄油的消费量大幅下降，牛奶从全脂变为脱脂，水果、蔬菜、肉类、奶酪、高脂肪零食和软饮料的消费量增加。这些变化导致饮食中的脂肪含量在20世纪上半叶从约20能量%上升到40能量%，在过去20年中又降至30 - 34能量%。如今的平均饮食中大多数营养素含量令人满意。然而，维生素D水平略低，育龄妇女的铁和叶酸摄入量低于推荐量。此外，脂肪、糖、盐和酒精含量高于理想水平，而纤维含量过低。
