Bastard J P, Jardel C, Guerre-Millo M, Hainque B
Service de biochimie B, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Rev Med Interne. 1998 Feb;19(2):108-18. doi: 10.1016/s0248-8663(97)83420-0.
OBJECTIVES AND JUSTIFICATION: To describe facilitated diffusion glucose transporters (GLUT) in humans, and particularly the regulation of GLUT4 expression since it is predominantly responsible for insulin-mediated glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissue, and plays a crucial role in whole-body glucose homeostasis.
Numerous studies have shown abnormal expression of GLUT4 in insulin responsive tissues in diabetes mellitus and other insulin resistant states. The recent development of transgenic mice that overexpress GLUT4 in muscle, adipose tissue, or both has also emphasized the importance of GLUT4 in glucose homeostasis.
The studies performed in transgenic mice suggest that strategies to increase GLUT4 transporters in insulin responsive tissues may lead to new therapeutic possibilities to improve insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant states such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Glucose transport is a crucial process in mammals, which needs specific transmembrane hexose transporters. Each transporter is important in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Advances in the knowledge of both the action and the regulation of the glucose transport system may provide new insights for the development of therapeutic interventions in diseases such as obesity or diabetes mellitus.
目的与理由：描述人类中的易化扩散葡萄糖转运蛋白（GLUT），特别是GLUT4表达的调节，因为它主要负责肌肉和脂肪组织中胰岛素介导的葡萄糖转运，并在全身葡萄糖稳态中起关键作用。
大量研究表明，在糖尿病和其他胰岛素抵抗状态下，胰岛素反应性组织中GLUT4表达异常。最近在肌肉、脂肪组织或两者中过表达GLUT4的转基因小鼠的研究也强调了GLUT4在葡萄糖稳态中的重要性。
在转基因小鼠中进行的研究表明，增加胰岛素反应性组织中GLUT4转运蛋白的策略可能会带来新的治疗可能性，以改善非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病等胰岛素抵抗状态下的胰岛素敏感性。
葡萄糖转运是哺乳动物中的一个关键过程，需要特定的跨膜己糖转运蛋白。每种转运蛋白在葡萄糖稳态调节中都很重要。对葡萄糖转运系统的作用和调节的认识进展可能为肥胖或糖尿病等疾病的治疗干预发展提供新见解。
