Busby-Whitehead J, Robinson P S, Matteson E S, Rosemond C, Dunn W L
Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and the Program on Aging, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7110, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Oct;46(10):1287-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb04548.x.
To determine the number of trials needed to obtain satisfactory results when evaluating function in older subjects using the automated version of the Williams short (three-door) Timed Manual Performance (TMP) test.
Administration of from one to five trials in succession on a given test date.
A Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC), assisted living centers, nursing homes, and a community residence, all located in central North Carolina.
The subject population consisted of 182 older volunteers, aged 63 to 100 years. One hundred nineteen lived independently in a CCRC, 33 were assisted-living residents, 29 lived in nursing homes, and one lived independently in the community. Each subject was administered at least three trials in succession on his or her first test date; 23 of the independently living CCRC residents were given three trials on a second test date. The community-dwelling volunteer was administered from one to five trials on each of 26 test dates over an approximately 16-month period.
The time it takes to perform five door opening and closing operations as measured by the three-door Cognatemp Automated Timed Manual Performance (ATMP) system.
Average ATMP time for the subjects living independently decreased approximately 10% between the first two trials but negligibly between trials two and three. The more dependent groups continued to improve between trials two and three. The community-dwelling subject tended to improve in the first three or four trials and to decline by the fifth trial.
It is recommended that two trials be administered and the best time used; if neither trial results in a time less than 10 seconds, one or two more trials should be administered. It is generally not necessary nor advantageous to administer more than four trials.
确定在使用威廉姆斯简短（三门）定时手动操作（TMP）测试的自动版本评估老年受试者功能时，获得满意结果所需的试验次数。
在给定的测试日期连续进行一至五次试验。
位于北卡罗来纳州中部的一个持续护理退休社区（CCRC）、辅助生活中心、疗养院和一个社区住所。
受试者群体由182名年龄在63至100岁之间的老年志愿者组成。119人独立生活在CCRC，33人是辅助生活居民，29人住在疗养院，1人独立生活在社区。每个受试者在其第一个测试日期至少连续进行三次试验；23名独立生活的CCRC居民在第二个测试日期进行了三次试验。在大约16个月的时间里，对社区居住的志愿者在26个测试日期中的每个日期进行了一至五次试验。
通过三门Cognatemp自动定时手动操作（ATMP）系统测量执行五次开门和关门操作所需的时间。
独立生活的受试者的平均ATMP时间在前两次试验之间下降了约10%，但在第二次和第三次试验之间下降幅度可忽略不计。依赖性较强的组在第二次和第三次试验之间继续改善。社区居住的受试者在前三次或四次试验中趋于改善，而在第五次试验时趋于下降。
建议进行两次试验并采用最佳时间；如果两次试验的时间都不少于10秒，则应再进行一至两次试验。一般来说，进行超过四次试验既无必要也无益处。
