Gardner D R, Panter K E, James L F, Stegelmeier B L
USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah 84341, USA.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1998 Oct;40(5):260-3.
Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and common juniper (Juniperus communis) contain high levels of isocupressic acid that has been identified as the abortifacient component of ponderosa pine needles in cattle. Therefore, the abortifacient potential of P contorta and J communis needles was tested in feeding trials with pregnant cattle. Cows (2 groups of 2 each) were fed by gavage 4.5-5.5 kg/d ground dry needles from either P contorta or J communis starting on gestation day 250. Isocupressic acid (ICA) levels in P contorta needles and J communis plant material were 0.8 and 2.0% (dry weight) respectively. Cows fed P contorta received a daily dose of 62-78 mg ICA/kg body weight and aborted after 8 and 10 d. The 2 cows fed J communis received a daily dose of 190 and 245 mg ICA/kg body weight and aborted after 3 and 4 days respectively. All cows retained fetal membranes and had classical clinical signs of pine needle-induced abortion. Pinus ponderosa, P contorta, J communis, and Cupressus macrocarpa samples were also analyzed for the presence of myristate and laurate esters of 1,14-tetradecanediol and 1,12-dodecanediol. These lipid like compounds of P ponderosa have potent vasoconstrictive activity in a placentome perfusion assay and are proposed as possible abortifacients in cattle. Concentration of the vasoactive lipids were 0.028% (P ponderosa), 0.023% (P contorta), 0.001% (J communis), and none detected (C macrocarpa). It was concluded that these compounds are not required for the plant material to be abortifacient in cattle.
扭叶松（Pinus contorta）和普通刺柏（Juniperus communis）含有高水平的异扁柏酸，该物质已被确定为牛食用黄松针叶时的堕胎成分。因此，在对怀孕母牛的饲养试验中测试了扭叶松和普通刺柏针叶的堕胎潜力。从妊娠第250天开始，通过灌胃给两组母牛（每组2头）每天喂食4.5 - 5.5千克扭叶松或普通刺柏的磨碎干针叶。扭叶松针叶和普通刺柏植物材料中的异扁柏酸（ICA）含量分别为0.8%和2.0%（干重）。喂食扭叶松的母牛每天接受62 - 78毫克ICA/千克体重的剂量，并在8天和10天后流产。喂食普通刺柏的2头母牛每天接受190和245毫克ICA/千克体重的剂量，分别在3天和4天后流产。所有母牛都保留了胎膜，并出现了典型的由松针引起的流产临床症状。还分析了黄松、扭叶松、普通刺柏和大果柏样本中1,14 - 十四烷二醇和1,12 - 十二烷二醇的肉豆蔻酸酯和月桂酸酯的存在情况。黄松的这些类脂化合物在胎盘灌注试验中具有强大的血管收缩活性，并被认为可能是牛的堕胎剂。血管活性脂质的浓度分别为0.028%（黄松）、0.023%（扭叶松）、0.001%（普通刺柏），大果柏未检测到。得出的结论是，这些化合物并非植物材料对牛产生堕胎作用所必需的。
