Chylothorax complicating left lower sleeve lobectomy.

Postoperative chylothorax is an infrequent but potential life-threatening complication and has most often been described following oesophageal resection. Its incidence after pulmonary resection is low, but has increased to 0.3-0.5%, probably due to more extensive types of resections and radical lymph node dissections. We report a case of chylothorax after a left sleeve lobectomy for a primary bronchogenic carcinoma, that was treated conservatively with chest tube drainage and a diet of medium chain triglycerides. Five additional case reports in English and French literature confirmed chylothorax after bronchoplastic procedures to be extremely rare. More frequent use of bronchial sleeve resection as alternative to pneumonectomy to save functional lung tissue, can increase the incidence of chylothorax after bronchoplastic procedures.