Effects of arginine vasotocin, isotocin and melatonin on blood pressure in the conscious atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): hormonal interactions?

The effects of exogenous arginine vasotocin (AVT), isotocin (IT) and melatonin on the blood pressure of conscious Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were examined. Ventral aortic blood pressure (PVA) was recorded from a cannula inserted into the afferent branchial artery of the third gill arch. Dorsal aortic blood pressure (PDA) was recorded via a cannula implanted into the efferent branchial artery in the same gill arch. Each fish received two doses (10 and 50 ng kg-1) of AVT, IT and melatonin. AVT was also administered in combination with melatonin. Injection of 10 ng kg-1 AVT produced significant hypertension, especially in animals injected during the daytime. In contrast, the same dose of IT induced no significant change in either PVA or PDA. Administration of 10 ng kg-1 melatonin at night caused a long-lasting decrease in both parameters. Melatonin also inhibited the increase in blood pressure elicited by AVT. These results indicate that AVT, but not IT, is vasopressor in the cod. The effects of combined administration of melatonin and AVT show the antihypertensive action of melatonin in AVT-induced hypertension.