Tobeiha Mohammad, Jafari Ameneh, Fadaei Sara, Mirazimi Seyed Mohammad Ali, Dashti Fatemeh, Amiri Atefeh, Khan Haroon, Asemi Zatollah, Reiter Russel J, Hamblin Michael R, Mirzaei Hamed
School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jun 20;9:888319. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888319. eCollection 2022.
The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland which produces melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone with critical physiological roles in the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin has been shown to possess anti-oxidant activity and neuroprotective properties. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin has significant functions in cardiovascular disease, and may have anti-aging properties. The ability of melatonin to decrease primary hypertension needs to be more extensively evaluated. Melatonin has shown significant benefits in reducing cardiac pathology, and preventing the death of cardiac muscle in response to ischemia-reperfusion in rodent species. Moreover, melatonin may also prevent the hypertrophy of the heart muscle under some circumstances, which in turn would lessen the development of heart failure. Several currently used conventional drugs show cardiotoxicity as an adverse effect. Recent rodent studies have shown that melatonin acts as an anti-oxidant and is effective in suppressing heart damage mediated by pharmacologic drugs. Therefore, melatonin has been shown to have cardioprotective activity in multiple animal and human studies. Herein, we summarize the most established benefits of melatonin in the cardiovascular system with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of action.
松果体是一种神经内分泌腺，它分泌褪黑素，这是一种在昼夜节律和睡眠-觉醒周期中具有关键生理作用的神经内分泌激素。褪黑素已被证明具有抗氧化活性和神经保护特性。大量研究表明，褪黑素在心血管疾病中具有重要作用，并且可能具有抗衰老特性。褪黑素降低原发性高血压的能力需要更广泛地评估。褪黑素在减轻心脏病变以及预防啮齿动物因缺血-再灌注导致的心肌死亡方面已显示出显著益处。此外，在某些情况下，褪黑素还可能预防心肌肥大，进而减轻心力衰竭的发展。目前使用的几种传统药物显示出心脏毒性这一不良反应。最近的啮齿动物研究表明，褪黑素作为一种抗氧化剂，在抑制药物介导的心脏损伤方面是有效的。因此，在多项动物和人体研究中，褪黑素已被证明具有心脏保护活性。在此，我们总结了褪黑素在心血管系统中最确定的益处，并重点关注其作用的分子机制。
