Buatti J M, Friedman W A, Meeks S L, Bova F J
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610, USA.
Med Dosim. 1998 Fall;23(3):201-7. doi: 10.1016/s0958-3947(98)00010-7.
Radiation therapy has evolved into a complex amalgamation of treatment techniques that differ significantly according to the way the radiation is delivered to the patient and coincidentally according to the biologic effects that are observed with each technique. Although there are concepts within radiobiology that unify the field, it is not apparent that the biologic effects with one methodology of treatment resemble those of another. Radiosurgery, although initially developed in the 1950s, has become more commonly used in recent years. This treatment involves high-dose, single-fraction treatments with sharp dose gradients to small volumes of tissue. This contrasts with conventional external-beam radiotherapy which involves small-dose, multiple-fraction, broad-dose-gradient treatment to relatively large volumes of tissue. Stereotactic radiotherapy generally delivers small-dose, multiple-fraction treatments to small or intermediate volumes of tissue with a sharp dose gradient compared with conventional external-beam treatment. A discussion of these technique differences with reference to the radiobiologic implications may help elucidate the potential utility of the techniques in clinical radiotherapy.
放射治疗已经发展成为一种复杂的治疗技术组合，这些技术根据向患者输送辐射的方式以及每种技术所观察到的生物学效应而有显著差异。尽管放射生物学中有一些概念将该领域统一起来，但一种治疗方法的生物学效应是否与另一种相似并不明显。放射外科虽然最初在20世纪50年代就已开发，但近年来使用得更为普遍。这种治疗涉及对小体积组织进行高剂量、单次分割治疗，剂量梯度陡峭。这与传统的外照射放疗形成对比，传统外照射放疗涉及对相对大体积组织进行小剂量、多次分割、宽剂量梯度治疗。与传统外照射治疗相比，立体定向放疗通常对小或中等体积的组织进行小剂量、多次分割治疗，剂量梯度陡峭。结合放射生物学影响对这些技术差异进行讨论，可能有助于阐明这些技术在临床放疗中的潜在效用。
