Draycott S, Dabbs A
University of Leeds, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1998 Sep;37(3):355-64. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01391.x.
The aim of this article is to demonstrate the utility of the concept of cognitive dissonance in clinical psychology by showing how it may underlie an existing intervention. The technique of motivational interviewing (MI) is taken as an example of an area where the literature on cognitive dissonance can find such an application. The further aim of this exercise is to utilize insights from cognitive dissonance to suggest possible modifications to the intervention as it currently stands.
A mapping is undertaken of principles of cognitive dissonance as found in Draycott & Dabbs (1998) onto the description of nature, principles and techniques of MI as set out by Miller & Rollnick (1991). Following this, areas where insights from cognitive dissonance are ignored or underutilized are drawn out and used to suggest modifications to MI.
The nature, principles and techniques of MI are, without exception, found to relate to one or more of the principles of cognitive dissonance. Criticisms and amendments to the technique of MI can be offered with the aim of making this mapping of cognitive dissonance more exact. Several practical suggestions can be made and a more structured approach offered.
The concept of cognitive dissonance can clearly be seen to be of use in understanding the mechanism of action of MI. It can further be of use in guiding modifications to this existing intervention. This concept, and others available through the experimental psychological literature, can be of use in all branches of clinical psychology.
本文旨在通过展示认知失调概念如何可能构成现有干预措施的基础，来论证其在临床心理学中的实用性。以动机性访谈（MI）技术为例，说明认知失调文献可在该领域找到此类应用。本研究的进一步目的是利用认知失调的见解，对当前的干预措施提出可能的改进建议。
将德雷科特和达布斯（1998年）提出的认知失调原则与米勒和罗尔尼克（1991年）阐述的MI的性质、原则和技术描述进行对应。在此之后，找出认知失调见解被忽视或未充分利用的领域，并用于提出对MI的改进建议。
MI的性质原则和技术无一例外地与认知失调的一个或多个原则相关。可以对MI技术提出批评和修正，以使这种认知失调的对应更加精确。可以提出一些实际建议，并提供一种更具结构性的方法。
认知失调概念显然可用于理解MI的作用机制。它还可进一步用于指导对这一现有干预措施的改进。这一概念以及实验心理学文献中的其他概念，可应用于临床心理学的所有分支。
