Rawlings P, Capela R, Pro M J, Ortega M D, Pena I, Rubio C, Gasca A, Mellor P S
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, U.K.
Arch Virol Suppl. 1998;14:95-102.
The biting midge Culicoides imicola was captured at 17 of 27 farms in Spain and Portugal during a survey of its distribution following outbreaks of African horse sickness in Iberia that occurred between 1987 and 1990. Farms were sampled approximately twice weekly from October 1992 to February 1995. Farms were widely spaced apart (maximum 850 km) and had considerable variation in climate. Across sites, summer temperatures ranged from 18.3 degrees C-27.2 degrees C; in winter the range was 4.4 degrees C-11.6 degrees C. Relative humidities in summer ranged from 37.2% to 90.1%. Proximity to southern Spain (Seville) was the most significant predictor of the presence/absence of C. imicola, but high summer temperatures and possibly dry summer conditions, were also important. Vila Nova de Milfontes in Portugal, where C. imicola was abundant and the climate is relatively cool, was an exception to the climatic trends at the other 26 sites. This exception points to a lack of knowledge of climatic requirements for immature development of C. imicola. The absence of C. imicola from the three most easterly sites, which have apparently favourable climates, suggests a relatively recent invasion by this species into Iberia.
在1987年至1990年伊比利亚半岛爆发非洲马瘟后，对其分布情况进行调查期间，在西班牙和葡萄牙的27个农场中的17个捕获了刺吸蠓库蠓。从1992年10月至1995年2月，大约每周对农场进行两次采样。农场分布广泛（最大距离850公里），气候差异很大。各采样点夏季温度范围为18.3摄氏度至27.2摄氏度；冬季温度范围为4.4摄氏度至11.6摄氏度。夏季相对湿度范围为37.2%至90.1%。靠近西班牙南部（塞维利亚）是库蠓存在与否的最重要预测因素，但夏季高温以及可能的夏季干燥条件也很重要。葡萄牙的米尔丰特斯新镇，库蠓数量众多且气候相对凉爽，是其他26个采样点气候趋势的一个例外。这一例外表明对库蠓未成熟发育的气候要求缺乏了解。最东边的三个采样点气候明显适宜，但却没有库蠓，这表明该物种相对较新地侵入了伊比利亚半岛。
