Baylis M, Touti J, Bouayoune H, Moudni L, Taoufiq B, el Hasnaoui H
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, U.K.
Arch Virol Suppl. 1998;14:127-36. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6823-3_13.
Daily mortality rates of female Culicoides imicola were found for eight sites in Morocco in 1994 and for six sites in 1995. The mortality rates were found by operating Pirbright-type light traps for a number of consecutive nights in late summer or autumn and finding the parous rate assuming a feeding interval of 3 to 5 days. The mortality rates were calculated according to established methods. In Morocco the daily mortality rates were found to vary from about 5% per day (Arbaoua, 1994, 1995 and Sidi Moussa 1995) up to 20-25% per day (Berkane, Marrakech, Tangier). In general, estimates of daily mortality rate were consistent between the two years of study. Among sites, daily mortality rate was significantly correlated with the average night-time minimum wind speed but not mean or maximum night-time wind speeds, or with temperature, humidity or saturation deficit. The observed mortality rates suggest that at Arbaoua, were 1,000 flies to become infected with African horse sickness virus, at least 330 would live long enough to take 3 or more infective blood meals on hosts. At Berkane, the survival rate per 1,000 is less than 10. In general, the pattern observed for daily mortality rate, combined with the relative population sizes of C. imicola in Morocco, agree well with the observed distribution of African horse sickness in the country during the 1989-1991 epizootic.
1994年在摩洛哥的8个地点以及1995年在6个地点发现了雌性库蠓的每日死亡率。通过在夏末或秋季连续几个晚上操作皮布赖特式诱虫灯，并假设取食间隔为3至5天来计算产后率，从而得出死亡率。死亡率根据既定方法计算。在摩洛哥，每日死亡率从约5%/天（阿尔巴瓦，1994年、1995年以及西迪穆萨，1995年）到20 - 25%/天（贝卡内、马拉喀什、丹吉尔）不等。总体而言，两年研究期间每日死亡率的估计结果是一致的。在各地点之间，每日死亡率与夜间平均最低风速显著相关，但与夜间平均或最大风速、温度、湿度或饱和亏缺无关。观察到的死亡率表明，在阿尔巴瓦，如果有1000只苍蝇感染非洲马瘟病毒，至少330只将存活足够长的时间，以便在宿主身上吸食3次或更多次感染性血餐。在贝卡内，每1000只的存活率不到10只。总体而言，观察到的每日死亡率模式，结合摩洛哥库蠓的相对种群规模，与1989 - 1991年动物疫情期间该国非洲马瘟的观察分布情况非常吻合。
