Bulletti C, De Ziegler D, Albonetti A, Flamigni C
Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica 1a, Università di Bologna, Fisiopatologia della Riproduzione, Ospedale Infermi-Regione Emilia Romagna, Rimini, Italy.
J Reprod Immunol. 1998 Aug;39(1-2):89-104. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0378(98)00015-1.
Endometrial proliferation, secretion, vascular neoformation and modification to shedding is under direct and/or indirect control of steroid hormones. The progressive modification of the endometrial architecture is due to its growth and differentiation. The new tissue regenerates monthly from a 2-5 mm to a 12-18 mm of complex tissue until it sheds under a co-ordinated network of bioactive molecules produced and activated during the menstrual cycle. The steroid hormones, the HLA-DR and integrin molecules, the intense production of several proteins, the vascular damage, and the disconnection of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction are participating in both the endometrial preparation for embryonic implantation and the shedding and bleeding of the tissue itself. Menstruation is a process associated with damage to the epithelium, endothelium and extracellular matrix, ending on controlled bleeding, tissue dissolution and repair. Endometrial proteinases and tissue factor (TF) contribute to systemic factors to control the mechanisms of regulation of tissue dissolution, tissue shedding, and vascular bleeding during menstruation.
子宫内膜的增殖、分泌、血管新生以及向脱落状态的转变受甾体激素直接和/或间接调控。子宫内膜结构的逐步改变源于其生长和分化。新组织每月从2 - 5毫米的简单组织再生为12 - 18毫米的复杂组织，直至在月经周期中产生并激活的生物活性分子协调网络作用下脱落。甾体激素、HLA - DR和整合素分子、多种蛋白质的大量产生、血管损伤以及细胞 - 细胞和细胞 - 基质相互作用的中断，均参与了子宫内膜为胚胎着床所做的准备以及组织自身的脱落和出血过程。月经是一个与上皮、内皮和细胞外基质损伤相关的过程，最终以可控的出血、组织溶解和修复结束。子宫内膜蛋白酶和组织因子（TF）有助于调控月经期间组织溶解、组织脱落和血管出血机制的全身因素。
