Hamm-Alvarez S F, Sheetz M P
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Physiol Rev. 1998 Oct;78(4):1109-29. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1109.
Microtubule-based vesicle transport driven by kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein motor proteins facilitates several membrane-trafficking steps including elements of endocytosis and exocytosis in many different cell types. Most early studies on the role of microtubule-dependent vesicle transport in membrane trafficking focused either on neurons or on simple cell lines. More recently, other work has considered the role of microtubule-based vesicle transport in other physiological systems, including kidney and liver. Investigation of the role of microtubule-based vesicle transport in membrane trafficking in cells of the kidney and liver suggests a major role for microtubule-based vesicle transport in the rapid and directed movement of ion channels and transporters to and from the apical plasma membranes, events essential for kidney and liver function and homeostasis. This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for microtubule-based vesicle transport and the motor proteins, kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein, in different aspects of membrane trafficking in cells of the kidney and liver, with emphasis on those functions such as maintenance of ion channel and transporter composition in apical membranes that are specialized functions of these organs. Evidence that defects in microtubule-based transport contribute to diseases of the kidney and liver is also discussed.
由驱动蛋白和胞质动力蛋白驱动的基于微管的囊泡运输，促进了多个膜运输步骤，包括许多不同细胞类型中的内吞作用和胞吐作用的某些环节。大多数早期关于基于微管的囊泡运输在膜运输中作用的研究，要么集中在神经元上，要么集中在简单细胞系上。最近，其他研究考虑了基于微管的囊泡运输在包括肾脏和肝脏在内的其他生理系统中的作用。对基于微管的囊泡运输在肾脏和肝脏细胞的膜运输中作用的研究表明，基于微管的囊泡运输在离子通道和转运体往返顶端质膜的快速定向移动中起主要作用，这些事件对肾脏和肝脏的功能及内环境稳定至关重要。本综述讨论了支持基于微管的囊泡运输以及驱动蛋白和胞质动力蛋白在肾脏和肝脏细胞膜运输不同方面发挥作用的证据，重点关注那些诸如维持顶端膜中离子通道和转运体组成等这些器官特有的功能。还讨论了基于微管的运输缺陷导致肾脏和肝脏疾病的证据。
