Picciotto M R, Wickman K
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Physiol Rev. 1998 Oct;78(4):1131-63. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1998.78.4.1131.
Reverse genetics, in which detailed knowledge of a gene of interest permits in vivo modification of its expression or function, provides a powerful method for examining the physiological relevance of any protein. Transgenic and knockout mouse models are particularly useful for studies of complex neurobiological problems. The primary aims of this review are to familiarize the nonspecialist with the techniques and limitations of mouse mutagenesis, to describe new technologies that may overcome these limitations, and to illustrate, using representative examples from the literature, some of the ways in which genetically altered mice have been used to analyze central nervous system function. The goal is to provide the information necessary to evaluate critically studies in which mutant mice have been used to study neurobiological problems.
反向遗传学是指利用对感兴趣基因的详细了解在体内改变其表达或功能，它为研究任何蛋白质的生理相关性提供了一种强大的方法。转基因和基因敲除小鼠模型对于研究复杂的神经生物学问题特别有用。本综述的主要目的是让非专业人士熟悉小鼠诱变技术及其局限性，描述可能克服这些局限性的新技术，并通过文献中的代表性例子来说明基因改造小鼠用于分析中枢神经系统功能的一些方式。目的是提供必要的信息，以便对使用突变小鼠研究神经生物学问题的研究进行严格评估。
