Schmuck A, Villet A, Payen N, Alary J, Franco A, Roussel A M
GREPO, Université Joseph Fourier, La Tronche, France.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Oct;17(5):448-53. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1998.10718792.
The aim of this study was to measure the fatty acid (FA) dietary intakes and the FA composition of plasma total lipids in a selected group of hospitalized elderly patients.
Twenty-three women aged 76 to 99 years were recruited. FA were analyzed in 5-day duplicate portions and in plasma by gas liquid chromatography.
The hospitalized elderly women ingested an average of 5.22 megajoules (MJ) and 45.9 g of lipids per day. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represented 11.0% and saturated fatty acids (SFA) 53.6% of the lipid intake. Minimal recommendations for linoleic acid intake were reached in average, but 32% of the patients ingested less than 3 g of linoleic acid/d. Eighty-six percent received less than 0.5% of energy for alpha-linolenic acid and 64% had low intakes in very long-chain n-3 FA. In parallel, these patients presented several biochemical signs of essential fatty acids (EFA) insufficiency (decrease in linoleic acid, increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in n-7 FA and in indexes of delta-6 and delta-9 desaturase activities).
Hospitalized elderly patients have low PUFA intakes and show biochemical indices of EFA insufficiency. These patients might benefit from a nutritional supplementation providing both EFA and antioxidant micronutrients to limit the risk of skin troubles, immune system impairment and vascular disease often observed in institutionalized elderly subjects.
本研究旨在测定一组选定的住院老年患者的脂肪酸（FA）膳食摄入量以及血浆总脂质中的FA组成。
招募了23名年龄在76至99岁之间的女性。通过气相色谱法分析5天重复样本中的FA以及血浆中的FA。
住院老年女性平均每天摄入5.22兆焦耳（MJ）能量和45.9克脂质。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）占脂质摄入量的11.0%，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）占53.6%。平均而言，亚油酸摄入量达到了最低推荐量，但32%的患者每天摄入的亚油酸少于3克。86%的患者α-亚麻酸的能量摄入低于0.5%，64%的患者极长链n-3 FA摄入量较低。与此同时，这些患者出现了必需脂肪酸（EFA）不足的若干生化指标（亚油酸减少、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、n-7 FA以及δ-6和δ-9去饱和酶活性指标增加）。
住院老年患者PUFA摄入量低，且显示出EFA不足的生化指标。这些患者可能受益于提供EFA和抗氧化微量营养素的营养补充，以降低在机构养老的老年人群中常见的皮肤问题、免疫系统损害和血管疾病风险。
