Chippaux J P
ORSTOM, CERMES, Niamey, Niger.
Toxicon. 1998 Nov;36(11):1503-6. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00140-8.
The immunotherapy was recently developed due to the improvement of purification techniques of antivenoms and results of the research in toxicology and pharmacology. The utilisation of highly purified IgG fragments leads to a better tolerance and a higher efficacy. Snake envenomations constitute in Africa, as in many tropical countries, an important public health problem. The annual incidence of snakebites reaches 1 million and the annual mortality is about 20,000 deaths. Less than 25% of the antivenom needs are effectively covered and, probably in most of envenomations, used at insufficient doses. The treatment of snakebites would be improved by better knowledge on snakebite epidemiology, standardisation of treatment and training medical staff, and development of new financial procedures for antivenom supply.
由于抗蛇毒血清纯化技术的改进以及毒理学和药理学研究成果，免疫疗法最近得以发展。使用高度纯化的IgG片段可带来更好的耐受性和更高的疗效。与许多热带国家一样，在非洲，蛇咬伤构成了一个重要的公共卫生问题。蛇咬伤的年发病率达到100万例，年死亡率约为2万例。抗蛇毒血清需求中有效得到满足的比例不到25%，而且在大多数蛇咬伤病例中，使用的剂量可能不足。通过更好地了解蛇咬伤流行病学、规范治疗和培训医务人员，以及开发新的抗蛇毒血清供应资金程序，蛇咬伤的治疗将会得到改善。
