Bshary R, NoË R
Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, Seewiesen
Anim Behav. 1997 Dec;54(6):1461-1474. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1997.0553.
We tested the hypothesis that red colobus monkeys, Procolobus badius and Diana monkeys, Cercopithecus diana in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast, associate to increase safety from predation. We recorded stratum use, exposure and vigilance of each species in the presence and in the absence of the partner species. In the presence of Diana monkeys, red colobus used lower strata more often, were more exposed to the forest floor and looked down less often while foraging. This suggests that red colobus reduce predation pressure from ground predators by associating with Diana. There are several indications that both species are less vulnerable to birds of prey when associated: red colobus looked sideways less often and were more exposed to the front, Diana monkeys used greater heights and were more exposed to the front, to the rear and from above. We also asked whether specific sentinel qualities of Diana monkeys might explain why other sympatric monkey species additionally seek their presence. When groups of various species compositions were approached by an observer, or confronted with an eagle model, Diana monkeys raised the alarm in most cases. Since neither monkey species improves its foraging success when associated, this study shows that predation can both maintain and be the ultimate cause of interspecific associations.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
我们验证了一个假设，即科特迪瓦的塔伊国家公园中的红疣猴（Procolobus badius）和戴安娜长尾猴（Cercopithecus diana）会通过联合起来以提高自身免受捕食的安全性。我们记录了每个物种在有和没有伙伴物种存在时的分层使用情况、暴露程度和警惕性。在有戴安娜长尾猴存在的情况下，红疣猴更频繁地使用较低的分层，更多地暴露于森林地面，并且在觅食时向下看的频率更低。这表明红疣猴通过与戴安娜长尾猴联合，降低了来自地面捕食者的捕食压力。有几个迹象表明，当联合在一起时，这两个物种都不太容易受到猛禽的攻击：红疣猴向侧面看的频率更低，更多地暴露于前方；戴安娜长尾猴使用更高的高度，更多地暴露于前方、后方和上方。我们还询问了戴安娜长尾猴的特定哨兵特质是否可以解释为什么其他同域猴种会额外寻求它们的存在。当不同物种组成的群体被观察者接近或面对一个鹰模型时，戴安娜长尾猴在大多数情况下会发出警报。由于这两种猴在联合时都没有提高其觅食成功率，这项研究表明捕食既可以维持种间联合，也是种间联合的最终原因。版权所有1997动物行为研究协会
