Catton M G
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Fairfield Hospital, Australia.
P N G Med J. 1996 Sep;39(3):166-73.
The virology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is reviewed. The transmission of HIV is restricted to direct contact with the blood or other body fluids of infected human beings. Ordinary social contact with infected individuals holds no risk but in the health care setting all patients must be considered to be potentially infectious and universal precautions taken. The replication of HIV in cells of the immune system carrying the CD4 receptor creates a complex relationship between the virus infection and the host immune response. The pathogenesis and the principles of the laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection are reviewed. Since its discovery HIV has quickly become one of the most studied and best characterized of human pathogens. The diagnosis of HIV infection, because of its implications, has been made more accurate than for any other infection. This understanding has significantly improved treatment but has yet to provide curative therapy, and prevention of infection is still the basis of the fight against AIDS.
本文综述了人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的病毒学。HIV的传播仅限于与受感染人类的血液或其他体液直接接触。与感染者的日常社交接触没有风险，但在医疗环境中，所有患者都必须被视为具有潜在传染性，并采取通用预防措施。HIV在携带CD4受体的免疫系统细胞中复制，在病毒感染与宿主免疫反应之间形成了复杂的关系。本文还综述了HIV感染的发病机制及实验室诊断原则。自发现以来，HIV迅速成为研究最多、特征描述最清晰的人类病原体之一。由于其影响重大，HIV感染的诊断比其他任何感染都更加准确。这种认识显著改善了治疗效果，但尚未提供治愈性疗法，预防感染仍然是抗击艾滋病的基础。
