James J A, Harley J B
Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
Immunol Rev. 1998 Aug;164:185-200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1998.tb01220.x.
How the immune response matures from recognizing a single or a few structures of the antigen to many is an obviously important process. Models of B-cell epitope spreading have been developed in a variety of systems. For example, immunization of animals with PPPGMRPP, one of the earliest B-cell epitopes in the anti-Sm response found in human lupus, leads to antispliceosomal autoimmunity and features of lupus. The humoral immune response spreads from PPPGMRPP to other structures of the spliceosome in an apparently reproducible sequence. B-cell epitope spreading has provided the experimental basis from which a relationship between lupus and Epstein-Barr virus was suspected. An understanding of B-cell epitope spreading is likely to lead to important principles in basic immunology and to answers to human disease problems.
免疫反应如何从识别抗原的单个或少数结构发展到识别多个结构，这显然是一个重要的过程。在多种系统中都已建立了B细胞表位扩展模型。例如，用PPPGMRPP（人类狼疮中发现的抗Sm反应最早的B细胞表位之一）对动物进行免疫，会导致抗剪接体自身免疫和狼疮特征。体液免疫反应以明显可重复的顺序从PPPGMRPP扩展到剪接体的其他结构。B细胞表位扩展为怀疑狼疮与爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒之间的关系提供了实验依据。对B细胞表位扩展的理解可能会引出基础免疫学中的重要原理，并为人类疾病问题提供答案。
