de Lalla F
Department of Infectious Diseases, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
Chemotherapy. 1998 Sep;44 Suppl 1:19-23. doi: 10.1159/000048459.
An increasing number of clinical failures has been noted after treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and acute otitis media with conventional antibiotics. At present, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) are the bacterial pathogens most frequently responsible for these infections. Although GABHS has so far not developed penicillin resistance, the frequency of bacteriological failures with either benzathine penicillin or penicillin V has increased. Firstly, a number of hypotheses have been put forward to explain this, including poor patient compliance and inactivation by beta-lactamase-producing oropharyngeal flora. Secondly, this has added to the demand for new agents to treat resistant streptococci. Cefixime, an orally active third-generation cephalosporin, has attracted considerable attention following the results of numerous clinical studies. Comparative studies between cefixime and conventional antibiotics for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media are summarized.
在使用传统抗生素治疗上呼吸道感染和急性中耳炎后，临床治疗失败的情况越来越多。目前，肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌和A组β溶血性链球菌（GABHS）是这些感染最常见的细菌病原体。虽然迄今为止GABHS尚未对青霉素产生耐药性，但使用苄星青霉素或青霉素V治疗时细菌学失败的频率有所增加。首先，人们提出了一些假设来解释这一现象，包括患者依从性差以及产β-内酰胺酶的口咽部菌群使其失活。其次，这增加了对治疗耐药链球菌新药物的需求。头孢克肟是一种口服活性第三代头孢菌素，众多临床研究结果使其备受关注。本文总结了头孢克肟与传统抗生素治疗上呼吸道感染和中耳炎的对比研究。
