Savage S A, Reilly J J, Edwards C A, Durnin J V
University Department of Human Nutrition, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, UK.
Arch Dis Child. 1998 Aug;79(2):153-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.79.2.153.
To assess compliance with Department of Health guidelines on weaning practice in a representative sample of 127 infants from Glasgow, and to identify factors influencing timing of weaning.
Questionnaires on feeding and weaning were completed during home visits. Ninety eight mothers completed a further questionnaire on attitudes to weaning.
Median age at introduction of solid food was 11 weeks (range 4-35 weeks); only 7% of infants had not been weaned before age 4 months. There was no difference in timing of weaning between boys and girls. Younger mothers (< 20 years old), those of lower socioeconomic status, and those who formula fed their infants tended to introduce solids earlier. Infants who were heaviest before weaning were weaned earlier. Seventy three of 98 mothers reported that they weaned their babies because they felt that they required more food. Sources of information influencing time of weaning were previous experience (53/98), books and leaflets (43/98), advice from the health visitor (31/98), and family and friends (15/98). Sixty five of 98 mothers reported receiving formal information on weaning, in most cases (54) this was from the health visitor. Mothers who received formal information tended to wean their infants later. Two per cent of infants had been given cow's milk as a main drink by age 6 months, 17% by 9 months, and 45% by the end of the first year.
Compliance with recommendations on timing of weaning (not before 4 months), weaning foods, and cow's milk consumption in Glasgow is poor, although no poorer than in many other areas of the UK as found by Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys. Public health messages in relation to weaning may not be reaching their target audience.
评估格拉斯哥127名具有代表性的婴儿样本对卫生部断奶实践指南的遵循情况，并确定影响断奶时间的因素。
在家庭访视期间完成关于喂养和断奶的问卷调查。98位母亲完成了一份关于断奶态度的进一步问卷。
开始添加固体食物的中位年龄为11周（范围4 - 35周）；只有7%的婴儿在4个月前未断奶。男孩和女孩在断奶时间上没有差异。年轻母亲（<20岁）、社会经济地位较低的母亲以及用配方奶喂养婴儿的母亲往往更早添加固体食物。断奶前体重最重的婴儿断奶更早。98位母亲中有73位报告说她们给宝宝断奶是因为觉得宝宝需要更多食物。影响断奶时间的信息来源有以往经验（53/98）、书籍和传单（43/98）、健康访视员的建议（31/98）以及家人和朋友（15/98）。98位母亲中有65位报告收到过关于断奶的正式信息，在大多数情况下（54位）这是来自健康访视员。收到正式信息的母亲往往更晚给婴儿断奶。2%的婴儿在6个月时以牛奶作为主要饮品，9个月时为17%，到第一年末为45%。
格拉斯哥在断奶时间（不早于4个月）、断奶食物以及牛奶消费方面对相关建议的遵循情况较差，尽管并不比人口普查与调查办公室在英国其他许多地区发现的情况更差。与断奶相关的公共卫生信息可能未传达至目标受众。
