Clements M S, Mitchell E A, Wright S P, Esmail A, Jones D R, Ford R P
Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Acta Paediatr. 1997 Jan;86(1):51-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08831.x.
Factors associated with not exclusively breastfeeding at discharge from the obstetric hospital and with duration of breastfeeding were examined in 700 randomly sampled infants. Obstetric records were examined in 97.7% of the subjects and 73.0% of subject families were interviewed. There were 444 (66.5%) infants exclusively breastfed at discharge from the obstetric hospital. Factors associated with not exclusively breastfeeding at discharge from the obstetric hospital after adjusting for potential confounders were: mother leaving school aged less than 18 years, mother not attending antenatal classes and the use of a dummy in the 2 weeks before the interview. Bed sharing practice in the 2 weeks before the interview was associated with exclusively breastfeeding at discharge from the obstetric hospital. Factors associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding were: mother leaving school before 18 years of age, smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day and use of a dummy. Dummy use may causally reduce breastfeeding or might be a marker for breastfeeding difficulties. There was a dose-response relationship with smoking, with heavier smokers breastfeeding for the shortest time periods. Bed sharing was associated with a longer duration of breastfeeding. This may not necessarily be a causal relationship because breastfeeding may promote bed sharing. The effect of dummy use and bed sharing on breastfeeding warrants further study.
在700名随机抽样的婴儿中，研究了与产科医院出院时非纯母乳喂养以及母乳喂养持续时间相关的因素。97.7%的受试者检查了产科记录，73.0%的受试者家庭接受了访谈。有444名（66.5%）婴儿在产科医院出院时纯母乳喂养。在调整潜在混杂因素后，与产科医院出院时非纯母乳喂养相关的因素有：母亲18岁以前辍学、母亲未参加产前课程以及在访谈前2周使用安抚奶嘴。访谈前2周的同床共眠做法与产科医院出院时纯母乳喂养有关。与母乳喂养持续时间较短相关的因素有：母亲18岁以前辍学、每天吸烟20支或更多以及使用安抚奶嘴。使用安抚奶嘴可能会导致母乳喂养减少，也可能是母乳喂养困难的一个标志。吸烟存在剂量反应关系，吸烟量越大，母乳喂养时间越短。同床共眠与母乳喂养持续时间较长有关。这不一定是因果关系，因为母乳喂养可能会促进同床共眠。使用安抚奶嘴和同床共眠对母乳喂养的影响值得进一步研究。
