头颅计算机断层扫描在急性头部创伤的诊断与治疗中的应用

Cranial computed tomography in diagnosis and management of acute head trauma.

作者信息

Zimmerman R A, Bilaniuk L T, Gennarelli T, Bruce D, Dolinskas C, Uzzell B

出版信息

AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978 Jul;131(1):27-34. doi: 10.2214/ajr.131.1.27.

DOI:10.2214/ajr.131.1.27

Abstract

Review of the computed tomographic findings in 286 patients with acute craniocerebral trauma revealed several types of lesions: hemorrhagic contusion, intracerebral and extracerebral hematomas, general and focal cerebral swelling, and shearing injury of the cerebral white matter. Hemorrhagic contusions are the most frequent lesion and may result in focal neurologic deficits. General cerebral swelling occurs frequently in children and necessitates prompt medical management for complete recovery. Mortality rates for intracerebral, subdural, and epidural hematomas were lower for this series than for series that preceded computed tomography. Because of the availability of computed tomography, there was an 84% reduction in arteriography, 58% reduction in surgical intervention, and a 24% reduction in skull radiography.

摘要

对286例急性颅脑外伤患者的计算机断层扫描结果进行回顾，发现了几种类型的病变：出血性挫伤、脑内和脑外血肿、弥漫性和局灶性脑肿胀以及脑白质剪切伤。出血性挫伤是最常见的病变，可能导致局灶性神经功能缺损。弥漫性脑肿胀在儿童中很常见，需要及时的医疗处理才能完全康复。该系列中脑内、硬膜下和硬膜外血肿的死亡率低于计算机断层扫描之前的系列。由于计算机断层扫描的可用性，血管造影减少了84%，手术干预减少了58%，颅骨X线摄影减少了24%。