Dalbey W, Dunn B, Bannister R, Daughtrey W, Kirwin C, Reitman F, Wells M, Bruce J
Product Stewardship and Toxicology, Mobil, Paulsboro, New Jersey 08066-0310, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Oct 23;55(4):241-75. doi: 10.1080/009841098158430.
A series of acute inhalation exposures was performed with airborne hydrogen fluoride (HF) to establish the concentration response for nonlethal effects in the rat. Exposures were either 2 or 10 min long; concentrations ranged from 135 to 8621 ppm. Three additional exposures (20 to 48 ppm) were performed for 60 min. A mouth-breathing (MB) model with a tracheal cannula was used in most of the exposures to maximize delivery of the HF to the lower respiratory tract. Endpoints on the day after exposure included hematology, serum chemistry, bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary function, organ weights, and histopathology. Nasal resistance was measured in nose-breathing (NB) groups. Effects of exposure were generally limited to the respiratory tract and included alveolitis, bronchial lesions, altered parameters of pulmonary function and bronchoalveolar lavage, and mucosal necrosis, inflammation, and fibrinopurulent exudate in airways. Observed changes were concentration related and appeared more pronounced in major airways near the point of entry (trachea in MB animals and nose in NB animals). One group of MB animals exposed for 10 min to 1454 ppm was evaluated at 3 and 14 wk after exposure; the acute effects had resolved by those times. The effects of 2-min exposures were consistently more severe than those from 10-min exposures to the same product of concentration x time. Exposures of MB animals for 60 min to 20 or 48 ppm HF did not result in observable adverse effects, although quasistatic pressure-volume curves were shifted upward slightly after 48 ppm. These data provide an integrated picture of the concentration-related effects of short nonlethal exposures to HF.
对大鼠进行了一系列急性吸入气态氟化氢（HF）的实验，以确定非致死效应的浓度反应关系。暴露时间为2或10分钟；浓度范围为135至8621 ppm。另外进行了三次60分钟的暴露实验（浓度为20至48 ppm）。在大多数暴露实验中使用了带有气管插管的口呼吸（MB）模型，以最大限度地将HF输送到下呼吸道。暴露后第二天的观察指标包括血液学、血清化学、支气管肺泡灌洗、肺功能、器官重量和组织病理学。在鼻呼吸（NB）组中测量了鼻阻力。暴露的影响一般仅限于呼吸道，包括肺泡炎、支气管病变、肺功能和支气管肺泡灌洗参数的改变，以及气道黏膜坏死、炎症和纤维蛋白脓性渗出物。观察到的变化与浓度有关，在进入点附近的主要气道（MB动物的气管和NB动物的鼻子）中似乎更为明显。一组暴露于1454 ppm HF 10分钟的MB动物在暴露后3周和14周进行了评估；到那时急性效应已经消退。2分钟暴露的效应始终比相同浓度×时间乘积下10分钟暴露的效应更严重。MB动物暴露于20或48 ppm HF 60分钟未导致可观察到的不良反应，尽管在48 ppm后准静态压力-容积曲线略有上移。这些数据提供了短期非致死性HF暴露与浓度相关效应的综合情况。
