A Schizosaccharomyces pombe artificial chromosome large DNA cloning system.

The feasibility of using the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe , as a host for the propagation of cloned large fragments of human DNA has been investigated. Two acentric vector arms were utilized; these carry autonomously replicating sequences ( ars elements), selectable markers ( ura4(+) or LEU2 ) and 250 bp of S. pombe terminal telomeric repeats. All cloning was performed between the unique sites in both vector arms for the restriction endonuclease Not I. Initially the system was tested by converting six previously characterized cosmids from human chromosome 11p13 into a form that could be propagated in S.pombe as linear episomal elements of 50-60 kb in length. In all transformants analysed these cosmids were maintained intact. To test if larger fragments of human DNA could also be propagated total human DNA was digested with Not I and size fractionated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fractions of 100-1000 kb were ligated to Not I-digested vector arms and transformed into S.pombe protoplasts in the presence of lipofectin. Prototrophic ura+leu+transformants were obtained which upon examination by PFGE were found to contain additional linear chromosomes migrating at between 100 and 500 kb with a copy number of 5-10 copies/cell. Hybridization analyses revealed that these additional bands contained human DNA. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of several independent clones indicated that the inserts were derived from single loci within the human genome. These analyses clearly demonstrate that it is possible to clone large fragments of heterologous DNA in fission yeast using this S.p ombe artificial chromosome system which we have called SPARC. This vector-host system will complement the various other systems for cloning large DNA fragments.