Farrell M, Howes S, Taylor C, Lewis G, Jenkins R, Bebbington P, Jarvis M, Brugha T, Gill B, Meltzer H
National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Addict Behav. 1998 Nov-Dec;23(6):909-18. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00075-6.
There have been a number of national surveys of psychiatric morbidity which have included questions on drugs, alcohol and tobacco. These surveys have helped delineate the overlap between substance use and dependence and other psychological morbidity. There is a strong association reported between high substance consumption and other measures of psychological problems. This article provides an overview of a national household survey, a survey of institutional residents with psychiatric disorders and a national survey of a homeless population. All three surveys used comprehensive and complex sampling strategies and lay interviewers to conduct structured diagnostic interviews. The household survey included over 10,000 households, the institutional survey interviewed 755 individuals and the homeless survey of hostels, night-shelters, day centres and private-sector leased accommodation interviewed 1,061 individuals. This overview looks at patterns of nicotine, alcohol and other drug use in the different samples and examines interactions with other psychiatric morbidity. The survey reports that substance-related disorders are some of the commonest disorders in the community, with 5% of the household sample alcohol dependent, 7% alcohol dependent in the institutional sample and over 21% in the homeless sample recorded as alcohol dependent. Tobacco, alcohol and other drug use and dependence were dramatically higher in the homeless sample than in either of the other two samples. Substance use was significantly associated with higher rates of psychological morbidity as measured by the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised. Future service planning needs to take account of the striking disparity of prevalence of psychiatric disorders in different subsections of the population.
已经开展了多项关于精神疾病发病率的全国性调查，其中包括有关药物、酒精和烟草的问题。这些调查有助于勾勒出物质使用与依赖以及其他心理疾病之间的重叠情况。据报道，高物质消费量与其他心理问题指标之间存在密切关联。本文概述了一项全国家庭调查、一项针对患有精神疾病的机构居民的调查以及一项针对无家可归者群体的全国性调查。所有这三项调查都采用了全面且复杂的抽样策略，并由非专业访谈员进行结构化诊断访谈。家庭调查涵盖了超过10,000个家庭，机构调查访谈了755个人，针对收容所、夜间庇护所、日间中心和私营部门租赁住所的无家可归者调查访谈了1,061个人。本概述考察了不同样本中尼古丁、酒精和其他药物的使用模式，并研究了与其他精神疾病的相互作用。该调查显示，与物质相关的疾病是社区中最常见的一些疾病，家庭样本中有5%的人酒精依赖，机构样本中有7%的人酒精依赖，而无家可归者样本中记录的酒精依赖率超过21%。无家可归者样本中的烟草、酒精和其他药物使用及依赖情况比其他两个样本中的任何一个都要高得多。根据修订后的临床访谈时间表衡量，物质使用与较高的心理疾病发病率显著相关。未来的服务规划需要考虑到不同人群亚组中精神疾病患病率的显著差异。
