Brennan K A, Shaver P R
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Brockport 14420-2914, USA.
J Pers. 1998 Oct;66(5):835-78. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00034.
Attachment theory was explored as a means of understanding the origins of personality disorders. We investigated whether adult attachment styles and personality disorders share a common underlying structure, and how both kinds of variables relate to family background factors, including parental death, parental divorce, and current representations of childhood relationships with parents. A nonclinical group of 1407 individuals, mostly adolescents and young adults, were surveyed about their attachment styles, parental marital status, parental mortality status, perceptions of treatment by parents in childhood, and 13 personality disorders. Results indicated substantial overlap between attachment and personality-disorder measures. Two of the personality-disorder dimensions are related to the two dimensions of the attachment space; that is, there is a two-dimensional space in which both the attachment patterns and most of the personality disorders can be arrayed. The one personality-disorder factor that is unrelated to attachment appears akin to psychopathy. Both personality disorders and attachment styles were associated with family-of-origin variables. Results are discussed in terms of encouraging further research to test the idea that insecure attachment and most of the personality disorders share similar developmental antecedents.
依恋理论被作为一种理解人格障碍起源的方法进行了探究。我们研究了成人依恋风格与人格障碍是否共享一个共同的潜在结构，以及这两类变量如何与家庭背景因素相关，包括父母死亡、父母离异以及当前对童年与父母关系的认知。对一个由1407名个体组成的非临床群体进行了调查，这些个体大多为青少年和年轻人，内容涉及他们的依恋风格、父母婚姻状况、父母死亡状况、童年时期对父母对待方式的认知以及13种人格障碍。结果表明依恋与人格障碍测量之间存在大量重叠。其中两个人格障碍维度与依恋空间的两个维度相关；也就是说，存在一个二维空间，在这个空间中依恋模式和大多数人格障碍都可以排列其中。唯一一个与依恋无关的人格障碍因素似乎类似于精神病态。人格障碍和依恋风格都与原生家庭变量相关。我们将根据鼓励进一步研究以检验不安全依恋和大多数人格障碍共享相似发展前因这一观点来讨论研究结果。
