Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Sep;39(9):1199-213. doi: 10.1177/0146167213491503. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
One of the assumptions of attachment theory is that disruptions in parental relationships are prospectively related to insecure attachment patterns in adulthood. The majority of research that has evaluated this hypothesis, however, has been based on retrospective reports of the quality of relationships with parents-research that is subject to retrospective biases. In the present research, the authors examined the impact of parental divorce-an event that can be assessed relatively objectively-on attachment patterns in adulthood across two samples. The data indicate that parental divorce has selective rather than diffuse implications for insecure attachment. Namely, parental divorce was more strongly related to insecure relationships with parents in adulthood than insecure relationships with romantic partners or friends. In addition, parental insecurity was most pronounced when parental divorce took place in early childhood. This finding is consistent with hypotheses about sensitive periods in attachment development.
依恋理论的一个假设是，父母关系的中断与成年后不安全的依恋模式有前瞻性的关系。然而，评估这一假设的大多数研究都是基于对与父母关系质量的回顾性报告——这种研究容易受到回顾性偏见的影响。在本研究中，作者在两个样本中研究了父母离婚（一个可以相对客观地评估的事件）对成年后依恋模式的影响。研究数据表明，父母离婚对不安全的依恋关系有选择性的影响，而不是弥漫性的影响。具体来说，父母离婚与成年后与父母的不安全关系的关系更为密切，而与浪漫伴侣或朋友的不安全关系的关系则不那么密切。此外，当父母离婚发生在儿童早期时，父母的不安全感最为明显。这一发现与依恋发展敏感时期的假设一致。
