Alipour Akbar, Ghaffari Mostafa, Shariati Batoul, Jensen Irene, Vingard Eva
Personal Injury Prevention Section, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Ind Med. 2008 May;51(5):372-9. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20562.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper extremities are a major problem globally, though most relevant studies have been reported from high income countries.
The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain and its association with work-related physical and psychosocial factors and life style was determined by a cross-sectional survey using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) in the largest Iranian car manufacturing company, with more than 18,000 employees.
A total of 14,384 (79.8%) of all employees completed the questionnaire. Depending on the questions used to measure neck and shoulder symptoms, the prevalence varied widely (from 20.5% to 3.9%). In the multiple logistic regression model, limited to employees with at least 1 year of work experience, risk indicators for disabling pain of the neck and/or shoulder that remained for male were: duration of employment, high visual demands, repetitive work, sitting position at work, awkward working position, no regular exercise, monotonous work, lack of encouraging organizational culture, and anxiety concerning change. For female repetitive work, sitting position at work and no support if there is trouble at work were the only remaining factors.
The study confirms the effects of physical and psychosocial factors on neck and shoulder symptoms among automobile manufacturing workers in a low to middle income country in spite of the relative youth and job insecurity of the population.
上肢与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）是全球范围内的一个主要问题，尽管大多数相关研究来自高收入国家。
在伊朗最大的汽车制造公司（拥有超过18000名员工）中，使用北欧肌肉骨骼问卷（NMQ）通过横断面调查确定颈部和肩部疼痛的患病率及其与工作相关的身体和心理社会因素以及生活方式的关联。
共有14384名（79.8%）员工完成了问卷。根据用于测量颈部和肩部症状的问题不同，患病率差异很大（从20.5%到3.9%）。在多因素逻辑回归模型中，仅限于有至少1年工作经验的员工，男性中仍存在的颈部和/或肩部致残性疼痛的风险指标为：工作时长、高视觉需求、重复性工作、工作时的坐姿、工作姿势笨拙、无规律运动、单调的工作、缺乏鼓励性的组织文化以及对变化的焦虑。对于女性而言，重复性工作、工作时的坐姿以及工作中遇到问题时得不到支持是仅存的因素。
该研究证实了在一个中低收入国家，尽管该人群相对年轻且工作不稳定，但身体和心理社会因素对汽车制造工人颈部和肩部症状仍有影响。
