Sumiyoshi C
Human Relations Department, Shoin Junior College, Kashiba.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1998 Aug;69(3):235-41. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.69.235.
The purpose of this study was to investigate preschoolers' ability in judging the plausibility of arguments in Category Based Induction. Experiment 1 was conducted to clarify whether five- and six-year-old children could judge plausibility of general arguments by analyzing the inclusive category of conclusion. The effect of premise typicality, premise diversity, and premise monotonicity of general arguments were examined for this purpose. All the three premise effects were found in six-year-old children, while only the effect of premise monotonicity was found in five-year-old children. In Experiment 2, the effect of premise non-monotonicity was tested to clarify whether children could judge plausibility of arguments by recognizing an inclusion relationship between premise and conclusion categories. The effect of premise non-monotonicity was found in five-year-old children, though it was not perfect. The results of the two experiments suggest that development of Category Based Induction can be divided into two stages. At first, "category based" induction, which means that children can judge plausibility of arguments by recognizing inclusion relationship between premise and conclusion categories, is established from five to six. Later, "category structure based" induction, which means that children can judge plausibility of arguments based on analysis of inclusive category of conclusion, is achieved six and above.
本研究的目的是调查学龄前儿童在基于类别的归纳中判断论点合理性的能力。进行了实验1，以阐明五岁和六岁儿童是否能够通过分析结论的包容性类别来判断一般论点的合理性。为此，研究了一般论点的前提典型性、前提多样性和前提单调性的影响。在六岁儿童中发现了所有这三种前提效应，而在五岁儿童中仅发现了前提单调性效应。在实验2中，测试了前提非单调性的影响，以阐明儿童是否能够通过识别前提类别和结论类别之间的包含关系来判断论点的合理性。在五岁儿童中发现了前提非单调性效应，尽管并不完美。这两个实验的结果表明，基于类别的归纳发展可以分为两个阶段。首先，“基于类别”的归纳，即儿童能够通过识别前提类别和结论类别之间的包含关系来判断论点的合理性，在五岁到六岁之间建立。后来，“基于类别结构”的归纳，即儿童能够基于对结论的包容性类别的分析来判断论点的合理性，在六岁及以上实现。
