Sun Mingze, Xiao Feng, Long Changquan
Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of MOE, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Education Science, Innovation Center for Fundamental Education Quality Enhancement of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Oct 15;13:338. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00338. eCollection 2019.
A premise monotonicity effect during category-based induction is a robust effect, in which participants are more likely to generalize properties shared by many instances rather than those shared by few instances. Previous studies have shown the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by this effect. However, the neural oscillations in the brain underlying this effect are not well known, and such oscillations can convey task-related cognitive processing information which is lost in traditional ERP analysis. In the present study, the phase-locked and non-phase-locked power of neural oscillations related to this effect were measured by manipulating the premise sample size [single (S) vs. two (T)] in a semantic category-based induction task. For phase-locked power, the results illustrated that the premise monotonicity effect was revealed by anterior delta power, suggesting differences in working memory updating. The results also illustrated that T arguments evoked larger posterior theta-alpha power than S arguments, suggesting that T arguments led to enhanced subjectively perceived inductive confidence than S arguments. For non-phase-locked power, the results illustrated that the premise monotonicity effect was indicated by anterior theta power, suggesting that the differences in sample size were related to a change in the need for cognitive control and the implementation of adaptive cognitive control. Moreover, the results illustrated that the premise monotonicity effect was revealed by alpha-beta power, which suggested the unification of sentence and inference-driven information. Therefore, the neural oscillation profiles of the premise monotonicity effect during semantic category-based induction were elucidated, and supported the connectionist models of category-based induction.
基于类别的归纳过程中的前提单调性效应是一种强大的效应，在此效应中，参与者更有可能将许多实例共有的属性进行泛化，而不是少数实例共有的属性。先前的研究已经表明了这种效应所引发的事件相关电位（ERP）。然而，这种效应背后大脑中的神经振荡却并不为人所知，而且这种振荡能够传递与任务相关的认知加工信息，而这些信息在传统的ERP分析中会丢失。在本研究中，通过在基于语义类别的归纳任务中操纵前提样本大小[单个（S）与两个（T）]，来测量与这种效应相关的神经振荡的锁相和非锁相功率。对于锁相功率，结果表明前提单调性效应通过前部δ功率得以体现，这表明工作记忆更新存在差异。结果还表明，与S论证相比，T论证诱发了更大的后部θ-α功率，这表明与S论证相比，T论证导致主观感知的归纳信心增强。对于非锁相功率，结果表明前提单调性效应由前部θ功率表明，这表明样本大小的差异与认知控制需求的变化以及适应性认知控制的实施有关。此外，结果表明前提单调性效应通过α-β功率得以体现，这表明句子和推理驱动信息的统一。因此，阐明了基于语义类别的归纳过程中前提单调性效应的神经振荡特征，并支持了基于类别的归纳的联结主义模型。
