Wright S M, Howard B J, Barnett C L, Stevens P, Absalom J P
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Merlewood Research Station, Cumbria, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 1998 Sep 29;221(1):75-87. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00269-1.
This paper describes the application of the critical load methodology, developed to set emission targets for atmospheric pollutants, to radioecology. The critical load can be redefined within radioecology as the radionuclide deposition at which radionuclide activity concentrations in a specified food product will exceed the maximum permitted level. An empirically based approach is described which provides estimates of critical load values for cow milk in the mid- to long-term after an accident when soil-to-plant transfer of radiocaesium is largely responsible for plant radiocaesium contamination. The areas identified as being most potentially vulnerable to radiocaesium deposition using this approach are those with extensive areas of organic soils such as western Scotland, parts of Ireland, The Netherlands and Denmark. The classification of European soil types into soil groups with significantly different soil-to-plant transfer of radiocaesium, and the allocation of a transfer value to each soil group provide the greatest uncertainties within this approach. Potential problems and deficiencies affecting the estimation of parameter values are discussed.
本文描述了为设定大气污染物排放目标而开发的临界负荷方法在放射生态学中的应用。在放射生态学中，临界负荷可重新定义为特定食品中放射性核素活度浓度将超过最大允许水平时的放射性核素沉积量。本文描述了一种基于经验的方法，该方法可估算事故发生后中长期牛奶的临界负荷值，此时放射性铯从土壤到植物的转移是植物放射性铯污染的主要原因。使用这种方法确定的最易受放射性铯沉积影响的地区是那些有大面积有机土壤的地区，如苏格兰西部、爱尔兰部分地区、荷兰和丹麦。在这种方法中，将欧洲土壤类型分类为放射性铯从土壤到植物转移显著不同的土壤组，并为每个土壤组分配一个转移值，这带来了最大的不确定性。讨论了影响参数值估计的潜在问题和不足。
