Pigott T A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA.
Bull Menninger Clin. 1998 Fall;62(4 Suppl A):A4-32.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with substantial psychosocial impairment. Although large-scale population surveys suggest that OCD is fairly common, relatively few individuals receive adequate treatment. OCD symptoms characterized by "altered risk appraisal" versus a "need for completeness/symmetry" may differentiate distinct subgroups within OCD. Although females are more likely to develop OCD, males have an earlier age of onset. Full remission of OCD symptoms is rare, but episodic improvement in OCD symptoms is not uncommon. Reproductive hormone cycles may have a substantial impact on the course of OCD in women. Many OCD patients will have coexisting mood or anxiety disorders. Personality disorders are frequently diagnosed in OCD, but may remit with effective antiobsessional treatment(s). The differential diagnosis of OCD is extensive and includes neurological disorders, substance-induced conditions, and other primary psychiatric illnesses.
强迫症（OCD）与严重的社会心理损害相关。尽管大规模的人口调查表明强迫症相当常见，但接受充分治疗的个体相对较少。以“风险评估改变”与“对完整性/对称性的需求”为特征的强迫症症状可能区分强迫症中的不同亚组。虽然女性更易患强迫症，但男性发病年龄更早。强迫症症状完全缓解很少见，但强迫症症状的间歇性改善并不罕见。生殖激素周期可能对女性强迫症病程有重大影响。许多强迫症患者会并存情绪或焦虑障碍。人格障碍在强迫症中经常被诊断出来，但可能通过有效的抗强迫治疗而缓解。强迫症的鉴别诊断范围广泛，包括神经疾病、物质所致状况及其他原发性精神疾病。
