Kristal A R, Patterson R E, Neuhouser M L, Thornquist M, Neumark-Sztainer D, Rock C L, Berlin M C, Cheskin L, Schreiner P J
Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Nov;98(11):1290-6. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00289-2.
To describe the design of the Olestra Postmarketing Surveillance Study (OPMSS) and to present baseline results from the sentinel site. The purpose of the OPMSS is to monitor consumption patterns of olestra-containing snacks and to determine whether consumption affects nutritional status.
The OPMSS combines repeated cross-section, random-digit dial telephone surveys before and after the market release of olestra-containing foods as well as intensive dietary and clinical assessments on a subsample of survey participants.
Data are from baseline telephone (n = 1,962) and clinical (n = 1,069) assessment of participants (aged 18 to 74 years) in the Marion County, Indiana, sentinel site. Mean age of participants in the telephone survey was 43.2 years; 19% of respondents were black and 29% had completed college.
Analyses examined associations among savory snack use, fruit and vegetable consumption, and demographic and health-related characteristics. Data from the telephone survey were adjusted to be representative of the Marion County population.
Almost 96% of the population surveyed had eaten savory snacks in the month before the survey: 74% had eaten regular-fat, 26% fat-reduced, and 78% nonfat types. Total snack consumption did not differ by gender, education, or race. Residents younger than 35 years ate snacks 16 times a month compared with 12 times a month among older residents. Types of snacks consumed differed markedly by demographic characteristics. Male, younger, and less educated residents ate more regular-fat snacks; female, white, and college-educated residents ate more nonfat snacks. In general, residents practicing healthful behaviors, including not smoking, eating fruits and vegetables, and exercising, also ate fewer regular-fat and more nonfat snacks. Fat intake was also related linearly to use of snack foods, ranging from 33.2% of energy among those consuming 1 serving per month or less to 36.8% among those consuming 20 or more servings per month.
APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Procedures for recruitment and nutrition assessment appear adequate for evaluating the impact of olestra consumption on nutritional status. Nutritionists should be aware that there is potential for relatively high olestra consumption, given that almost 35% of Marion County residents eat snack foods at least 20 times a month. Consumers eating at least 20 servings of snacks per month derived more than 12% of their total energy and fat from snack foods, which suggests that substituting olestra snacks could substantially reduce intakes of fat and energy.
描述奥利斯特拉上市后监测研究（OPMSS）的设计，并展示哨点监测点的基线结果。OPMSS的目的是监测含奥利斯特拉零食的消费模式，并确定其消费是否会影响营养状况。
OPMSS结合了含奥利斯特拉食品上市前后的重复横断面随机数字拨号电话调查，以及对部分调查参与者进行的密集饮食和临床评估。
数据来自印第安纳州马里恩县哨点监测点参与者（年龄在18至74岁之间）的基线电话调查（n = 1,962）和临床评估（n = 1,069）。电话调查参与者的平均年龄为43.2岁；19%的受访者为黑人，29%拥有大学学历。
分析考察了咸味零食的食用情况、水果和蔬菜的摄入量与人口统计学及健康相关特征之间的关联。对电话调查数据进行了调整，使其具有马里恩县人口的代表性。
在调查前一个月，近96%的被调查人群食用过咸味零食：74%的人食用过常规脂肪含量的零食，26%的人食用过脂肪含量降低的零食，78%的人食用过无脂肪零食。零食总消费量在性别、教育程度或种族方面没有差异。35岁以下的居民每月吃16次零食相比之下，年龄较大的居民每月吃12次。所食用零食的类型因人口统计学特征有显著差异。男性、年轻居民和受教育程度较低的居民食用的常规脂肪含量零食更多；女性、白人及受过大学教育的居民食用的无脂肪零食更多总体而言，践行健康行为（包括不吸烟、吃水果和蔬菜以及锻炼）的居民也食用较少的常规脂肪含量零食和较多的无脂肪零食。脂肪摄入量也与零食的食用呈线性相关，从每月食用1份或更少的人群中占能量的33.2%到每月食用20份或更多的人群中占36.8%。
应用/结论：招募和营养评估程序似乎足以评估奥利斯特拉消费对营养状况的影响。营养学家应意识到，鉴于马里恩县近35%的居民每月至少吃20次零食，存在相对较高的奥利斯特拉消费量的可能性。每月至少食用20份零食的消费者，其总能量和脂肪的12%以上来自零食，这表明用含奥利斯特拉的零食替代可以大幅减少脂肪和能量的摄入量。
