Newman Vicky A, Flatt Shirley W, Pierce John P
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Aug;108(8):1350-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.05.007.
Telephone counseling is increasingly reported to be an effective behavior change strategy, but more studies in broader populations are needed. This uncontrolled pilot trial investigated whether a 3-month/eight-call telephone counseling intervention could promote dietary changes associated with reduced chronic disease risk in adults consuming <5.0 servings of vegetables and fruits daily. Between 2002 and 2004, 97 adults (mean age 46 years; range 21 to 84 years) completed the intervention and a follow-up assessment at 6 months. Approximately half were of nonwhite ethnicity (53%). The majority were women (95%) and had never had cancer (89%). The intervention promoted daily intakes of three to five vegetable servings, two to four fruit servings, and three whole-grain and/or beans/legumes servings. Average total daily intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans/legumes, fiber, and fat were assessed at baseline and at 6 months, each by a set of three 24-hour recalls. Plasma carotenoids were measured on a subsample (n=41) as an objective biomarker of vegetable and fruit intake. Change in mean self-reported dietary intake (ie, vegetables, fruit, whole grains, beans/legumes, fiber, and fat) and plasma carotenoids were compared by paired t tests. The intervention was associated with a significant (P<0.001) increase in vegetable servings per day (baseline 2.1 servings per day, 6 months 3.5 servings per day; 67% increase), fruit servings per day (baseline 1.4 servings per day, 6 months 2.4 servings per day; 71% increase), and whole-grain and/or bean servings per day (baseline 1.0 serving per day, 6 months 1.4 servings per day; 40% increase). These changes were corroborated by a significant (P<0.001) increase in total plasma carotenoids. This 3-month/eight-call telephone counseling intervention was associated with dietary change in healthy adults consuming fewer than five servings per day of vegetables and fruit at study entry.
越来越多的报告表明电话咨询是一种有效的行为改变策略，但仍需要在更广泛的人群中开展更多研究。这项非对照试验性研究调查了一项为期3个月、共八次通话的电话咨询干预措施，能否促使每日蔬菜和水果摄入量不足5份的成年人形成有助于降低慢性病风险的饮食变化。在2002年至2004年期间，97名成年人（平均年龄46岁；年龄范围21至84岁）完成了干预措施，并在6个月后接受了随访评估。其中约一半为非白人种族（53%）。大多数为女性（95%），且从未患过癌症（89%）。该干预措施促使参与者每日摄入三至五份蔬菜、两至四份水果以及三份量的全谷物和/或豆类。通过三组24小时饮食回顾分别在基线期和6个月时评估蔬菜、水果、全谷物、豆类、纤维和脂肪的每日平均总摄入量。对一个子样本（n = 41）测量血浆类胡萝卜素，作为蔬菜和水果摄入量的客观生物标志物。通过配对t检验比较自我报告的平均饮食摄入量（即蔬菜、水果、全谷物、豆类、纤维和脂肪）和血浆类胡萝卜素的变化。该干预措施与每日蔬菜摄入量显著增加（P<0.001）相关（基线期每日2.1份，6个月时每日3.5份；增加67%）、每日水果摄入量显著增加（基线期每日1.4份，6个月时每日2.4份；增加71%）以及每日全谷物和/或豆类摄入量显著增加（基线期每日1.0份，6个月时每日1.4份；增加40%）。血浆类胡萝卜素总量的显著增加（P<0.001）证实了这些变化。这项为期3个月、共八次通话的电话咨询干预措施与研究开始时每日蔬菜和水果摄入量不足五份的健康成年人的饮食变化相关。
