Millet G Y, Hoffman M D, Candau R B, Clifford P S
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Nov;30(11):1645-53. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199811000-00014.
Although it has been reported that the majority of propulsive forces are generated through the poles with ski skating, no study has systematically examined poling forces among different skating techniques. The objective of the present study was to examine poling forces and timing during roller skiing on a 2.1% uphill.
Nine highly skilled cross-country skiers roller skied at three paced speeds and maximal speed using the V1 skate (V1), V2-alternate (V2A), V2 skate (V2), and double pole (DP) techniques while poling forces and timing were measured with piezoelectric transducers.
Peak force (PF) values with the skating techniques were significantly lower than with DP and ranged from 18.9 +/- 3.1% of body weight (BW) to 31.5 +/- 5.6% BW across the speeds of the study. Average force over the entire cycle (ACF) increased with speed with DP, V2A and V1 (P < 0.01) but not with V2. PF and ACF were higher (P < 0.01) with V2 than V1 and V2A. Poling time was longer (P < 0.01) with V2A compared with V1 and V2.
The results of this study suggest that 1) the use of the upper body is greater with V2 than with other skating techniques while there is a relatively greater reliance on the lower body for generation of the additional propulsive forces required to increase velocity, and (2) poling forces do not appear to be as effectively applied with V2 as with V2A.
尽管已有报道称，大多数推进力是通过滑雪蹬冰技术在雪杖杆尖产生的，但尚无研究系统地考察不同蹬冰技术中的撑杖力。本研究的目的是考察在2.1%坡度的上坡轮滑过程中的撑杖力及撑杖时机。
九名技术高超的越野滑雪运动员使用V1蹬冰（V1）、V2交替蹬冰（V2A）、V2蹬冰（V2）和双杖（DP）技术，以三种定速和最大速度进行轮滑，同时使用压电传感器测量撑杖力和撑杖时机。
在本研究的各个速度下，蹬冰技术的峰值力（PF）值显著低于双杖技术，范围为体重（BW）的18.9±3.1%至31.5±5.6%。双杖、V2A和V1技术下，整个周期的平均力（ACF）随速度增加（P<0.01），而V2技术则不然。V2技术的PF和ACF高于V1和V2A（P<0.01）。与V1和V2相比，V2A的撑杖时间更长（P<0.01）。
本研究结果表明：1）V2技术比其他蹬冰技术更多地使用上半身，而在增加速度所需的额外推进力产生方面，相对更依赖下半身；2）V2技术的撑杖力应用似乎不如V2A有效。
