Jongbloed A W, Lenis N P
Department of Nutrition of Pigs and Poultry, Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), Lelystad, The Netherlands.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Oct;76(10):2641-8. doi: 10.2527/1998.76102641x.
The structure of swine production has changed dramatically in the last four decades. Raw materials for swine feeds are often grown in regions other than where swine production takes place. Swine manure is mostly spread in the neighborhood of the facilities, which may lead to soil accumulation of minerals such as P, Cu, and Zn. Moreover, soil nitrate may leach and result in enhanced nitrate levels in ground and surface water. Large swine units generate odors, ammonia, and dust that can exceed tolerable levels. Negative effects of swine production on the environment have already led to new legislation that limits the use of animal manure or the expansion or localization of pig operations in some countries. The consequences of intensive swine production on the environment and possible solutions by means of nutrition are outlined. Also, discussed are experiences from the Dutch situation, forthcoming legislation, and environmental constraints on pig production in the future. Our approach centers more on the system level.
在过去的四十年里，养猪业的结构发生了巨大变化。猪饲料的原材料通常产自养猪场以外的地区。猪粪大多被施用于养殖场附近，这可能导致土壤中磷、铜和锌等矿物质的积累。此外，土壤中的硝酸盐可能会渗漏，导致地下水和地表水的硝酸盐含量增加。大型养猪场产生的气味、氨气和灰尘可能会超过可容忍的水平。养猪业对环境的负面影响已经促使一些国家出台了新的法规，限制动物粪便的使用，或限制养猪场的扩张或选址。本文概述了集约化养猪生产对环境的影响以及通过营养手段可能采取的解决办法。此外，还讨论了荷兰的情况、即将出台的法规以及未来养猪生产面临的环境限制。我们的方法更多地集中在系统层面。
