Fanning WL
Director, The Scottsdale Medical Travel Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
J Travel Med. 1997 Mar 1;4(1):32-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.1997.tb00770.x.
Long before the term "Typhoid Mary" entered the vernacular in the early 1900s, investigators such as Huxham1 in 1782 and Schoenlein2 in 1839 had already differentiated typhoid fever-the typhus-like fever caused by Salmonella typhi-from other prolonged febrile syndromes such as rickettsial typhus fever.3 The notorious Mary Mallon had been identified as a carrier of the typhoid fever bacillus in 1907; by the time she was captured 8 years later, she had infected at least 50 people (causing the death of three) while working as a New York City cook under several assumed names.4 Even though the incidence of this serious infection has obviously decreased since 1900 in developed countries, it continues to be prevalent in developing countries. Consequently, most cases reported in the United States occur in international travelers. Prevention is critical because typhoid fever is associated with a high rate of complications, its course can be severe and prolonged, and multidrug-resistant strains have recently emerged.5
早在20世纪初“伤寒玛丽”一词进入日常用语之前，像1782年的赫克瑟姆1和1839年的舍恩莱因2等研究人员就已经将伤寒热（由伤寒杆菌引起的类似斑疹伤寒的发热）与其他持续性发热综合征（如立克次体斑疹伤寒热）区分开来。3臭名昭著的玛丽·马龙在1907年被确定为伤寒热杆菌携带者；8年后她被抓获时，她在纽约市以几个化名担任厨师期间至少感染了50人（导致3人死亡）。4尽管自1900年以来，这种严重感染在发达国家的发病率明显下降，但在发展中国家仍然普遍存在。因此，美国报告的大多数病例发生在国际旅行者中。预防至关重要，因为伤寒热与高并发症发生率相关，其病程可能严重且漫长，而且最近出现了多重耐药菌株。5
