Fleischer G, Hoffmann E, Müller R, Lang R
Arbeitsgruppe Hörforschung, Medizinisches Zentrum für Okologie, Klinikum der Universität Giessen.
HNO. 1998 Sep;46(9):815-20. doi: 10.1007/s001060050318.
In order to understand the repeated occurrences of auditory impairments caused by toy pistols, an analysis of the circumstances involved was performed at Justus-Liebig University of Giessen. The acoustic impact of toy pistols on the ear was determined with a special measuring system for impulse noise. Results were compared with the acoustic impacts of the G3 common rifle of the German military on the ear of the soldier. It was apparent that all of the five randomly selected types of toy pistols were much louder than the military rifle, if fired close to the ear. The current standard of the European Union related to the safety of toys (EN 71-1) tolerates peaks of impulse noise from toy pistols that are actually illegal for workplaces without auditory protection. Measurements showed that the toy pistols tested were even louder than that tolerated by the EU standard. Problems related to acute acoustic trauma caused by these toys are discussed using recent examples. In order to prevent such injuries, we suggest limiting the loudness of the "worst case" instead of using unrealistic measurements.
为了解玩具手枪导致听力损伤反复出现的情况，吉森尤斯图斯-利比希大学对相关情况进行了分析。利用一种特殊的脉冲噪声测量系统测定了玩具手枪对耳朵的声学影响。将结果与德国军队的G3普通步枪对士兵耳朵的声学影响进行了比较。很明显，如果在耳朵附近开枪，随机挑选的五种玩具手枪的声音都比军用步枪大得多。欧盟现行的玩具安全标准（EN 71-1）允许玩具手枪产生的脉冲噪声峰值，而这种峰值在没有听觉保护的工作场所实际上是违法的。测量结果表明，测试的玩具手枪声音甚至比欧盟标准允许的还要大。本文通过最近的实例讨论了这些玩具造成急性声学创伤的相关问题。为防止此类伤害，我们建议限制“最坏情况”下的响度，而不是使用不切实际的测量方法。
