Rothschild M A, Dieker L, Prante H, Maschke C
Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin.
HNO. 1998 Dec;46(12):986-92. doi: 10.1007/s001060050346.
Starter's pistols are often bought for self-defense, but can also be used for criminal activities (e.g. assaults, etc.). When a starter's pistol is loaded with blank cartridges and is fired, a powerful shooting noise results. The level of the noise produced is high enough to cause acoustic trauma. For legal examinations and giving an expert opinion further information is needed about the power of such noise. We examined how high peak sound pressure levels were of the gunshots of blank cartridges and whether there existed any directional characteristics from the noise emissions. In all, 15 different models of starter's pistols of 8 different calibres were examined. In addition to blank cartridges, 8 mm tear gas cartridges were also examined. Four transducers were situated in the horizontal plane around the muzzle: 0 degree (shooting direction), 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees (towards the firer). The distances between the transducers and the muzzle were 25 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm. At a distance of 1 m and in the 0 degree shooting direction the peak sound pressure levels of nearly all weapons tested exceeded 160 dB. At a shooting distance of 25 cm the peak sound pressure levels reached 181 dB. In addition, we observed a directional characteristic concerning the emission of noise: pistols produced higher peak sound pressure levels to the front than backwards towards the firer.
发令枪常被用于自卫，但也可能被用于犯罪活动（如袭击等）。当发令枪装填空包弹并发射时，会产生巨大的射击声响。所产生的噪音水平高到足以导致听觉创伤。对于法律检查和出具专家意见而言，还需要有关此类噪音强度的更多信息。我们研究了空包弹射击时的峰值声压级有多高，以及噪音排放是否存在任何方向性特征。总共检查了8种不同口径的15种不同型号的发令枪。除了空包弹，还检查了8毫米催泪弹。四个传感器围绕枪口布置在水平面上：0度（射击方向）、45度、90度和180度（朝向射击者）。传感器与枪口之间的距离分别为25厘米、50厘米、100厘米和200厘米。在1米的距离且射击方向为0度时，几乎所有测试武器的峰值声压级都超过了160分贝。在25厘米的射击距离时，峰值声压级达到了181分贝。此外，我们观察到了噪音排放的方向性特征：手枪向前方产生的峰值声压级高于向射击者后方产生的峰值声压级。
