Vaccaro D, Wills T A
Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA.
J Drug Educ. 1998;28(3):257-82. doi: 10.2190/TEPB-PTW4-A2PG-43FJ.
Investigated group differences in the relationship between stress-coping variables and substance (cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana) use with samples of inner-city students in sixth through eighth grades (N = 1,289) and metropolitan-area students in seventh through ninth grades (N = 1,702). Measures included affect, life events, parental support, and coping patterns. African-American adolescents had the lowest rate of substance use, Hispanics were intermediate, and Whites had the highest rate; there was no gender difference in overall substance use. Multiple regression analysis showed the strength of predictive relationships for stress-coping variables was lower for African Americans and was greatest for Whites; four methodological tests showed these differences were not attributable to statistical artifacts. Hispanic adolescents showed greater vulnerability than Whites at younger ages but this effect reversed at later ages. Implications for prevention research are discussed.
对六年级至八年级的市中心学生样本（N = 1289）和七年级至九年级的大都市地区学生样本（N = 1702）中，压力应对变量与物质（香烟、酒精和大麻）使用之间的关系进行了组间差异研究。测量指标包括情感、生活事件、父母支持和应对模式。非裔美国青少年的物质使用率最低，西班牙裔处于中间水平，白人的使用率最高；总体物质使用方面不存在性别差异。多元回归分析表明，压力应对变量的预测关系强度在非裔美国人中较低，在白人中最大；四项方法学测试表明，这些差异并非由统计假象所致。西班牙裔青少年在较年轻时比白人表现出更大的脆弱性，但这种影响在后来的年龄段发生了逆转。文中讨论了对预防研究的启示。
