Tsuang M T, Lyons M J, Meyer J M, Doyle T, Eisen S A, Goldberg J, True W, Lin N, Toomey R, Eaves L
Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Brockton-West Roxbury Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 Nov;55(11):967-72. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.967.
Previous research has demonstrated genetic and environmental influences on abuse of individual substances, but there is less known about how these factors may influence the co-occurrence of abuse of different illicit drugs.
We studied 3372 male twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. They were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, Revised to investigate the extent to which the abuse of different categories of drugs occurs together within an individual, as well as the possibility that genetic and environmental factors are responsible for observed co-occurrence. Co-occurrence was quantified using odds ratios and conditional probabilities. Multivariate biometrical modeling analyses were used to assess genetic and environmental influences on co-occurrence.
Abusing any category of drug was associated with a marked increase in the probability of abusing every other category of drugs. We found evidence for a shared or common vulnerability factor that underlies the abuse of marijuana, sedatives, stimulants, heroin or opiates, and psychedelics. This shared vulnerability is influenced by genetic, family environmental, and nonfamily environmental factors, but not every drug is influenced to the same extent by the shared vulnerability factor. Marijuana, more than other drugs, was influenced by family environmental factors. Each category of drug, except psychedelics, had genetic influences unique to itself (ie, not shared with other drug categories). Heroin had larger genetic influences unique to itself than did any other drug.
There are genetically and environmentally determined characteristics that comprise a shared or common vulnerability to abuse a range of illicit drugs.
先前的研究已经证明了基因和环境对个体物质滥用的影响，但对于这些因素如何影响不同非法药物滥用的共现情况，人们了解较少。
我们对越南战争时期双胞胎登记处的3372对男性双胞胎进行了研究。使用修订后的第三版诊断访谈时间表对他们进行访谈，以调查不同类别的药物滥用在个体内共同发生的程度，以及基因和环境因素导致观察到的共现情况的可能性。共现情况使用比值比和条件概率进行量化。多变量生物统计学建模分析用于评估基因和环境对共现情况的影响。
滥用任何一类药物都与滥用其他各类药物的概率显著增加相关。我们发现有证据表明存在一个共同的易感性因素，它是大麻、镇静剂、兴奋剂、海洛因或鸦片制剂以及迷幻剂滥用的基础。这种共同的易感性受到基因、家庭环境和非家庭环境因素的影响，但并非每种药物都受到共同易感性因素相同程度的影响。大麻比其他药物更受家庭环境因素的影响。除迷幻剂外，每类药物都有其自身独特的基因影响（即不与其他药物类别共享）。海洛因自身独特的基因影响比其他任何药物都更大。
存在由基因和环境决定的特征，这些特征构成了对一系列非法药物滥用的共同易感性。
