Jang K L, Livesley W J, Vernon P A
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Addiction. 1995 Sep;90(9):1213-21. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.90912136.x.
Multivariate biometrical genetic analyses of self-report questionnaire items assessing problem alcohol and drug use were performed on data obtained from a sample of 438 volunteer twin pairs (236 monozygotic twin pairs, 247 dizygotic twin pairs). Additive genetic influences were moderate for all alcohol abuse items (21-46%), frequency of drug use (32%) and illicit drug use (32%). Prescribed drug use and debilitating drug use were largely environmentally determined (86% and 94%, respectively). The influence of environmental factors that influence all members of a family to the same degree (shared family environment) on each item was generally small (0-20%), whereas the influence of environmental factors unique to each family member (non-shared environment) comprised over half of the total variance on all items. Genetic factor analyses identified three uncorrelated common genetic factors. The first genetic factor appears to represent problems associated with alcohol and drug use, such as the inability to fulfil obligations at home, work or school. The second genetic factor is more specific to drug use and represents a general liability towards drug use, illicit or otherwise. The third genetic factor is specific to the alcohol use items only. The observed co-morbidity of alcohol and drug misuse can be attributed largely to a non-shared environmental factor common to both domains. Genetic co-morbidity appears to be limited to alcohol and substance misuse behaviours that interfere with normal daily functioning.
对438对志愿双胞胎（236对同卵双胞胎，247对异卵双胞胎）样本数据进行了多变量生物统计学遗传分析，这些数据来自评估酒精和药物使用问题的自填问卷项目。所有酒精滥用项目（21%-46%）、药物使用频率（32%）和非法药物使用（32%）的加性遗传影响为中等。处方药使用和使人虚弱的药物使用在很大程度上由环境决定（分别为86%和94%）。对每个项目而言，同等程度影响一个家庭所有成员的环境因素（共享家庭环境）的影响通常较小（0%-20%），而每个家庭成员特有的环境因素（非共享环境）的影响占所有项目总方差的一半以上。遗传因素分析确定了三个不相关的常见遗传因素。第一个遗传因素似乎代表与酒精和药物使用相关的问题，比如无法履行家庭、工作或学校的义务。第二个遗传因素更特定于药物使用，代表对药物使用（非法或其他）的一般易感性。第三个遗传因素仅特定于酒精使用项目。观察到的酒精和药物滥用共病现象在很大程度上可归因于两个领域共有的非共享环境因素。遗传共病似乎仅限于干扰正常日常功能的酒精和物质滥用行为。
