Dipierri J E, Alfaro E, Martínez-Marignac V L, Bailliet G, Bravi C M, Cejas S, Bianchi N O
Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina.
Hum Biol. 1998 Dec;70(6):1001-10.
We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome DNA polymorphisms to analyze the ethnic origin of maternal and paternal lineages in two Amerindian subpopulations from northwestern Argentina. One of the subpopulations was from San Salvador de Jujuy, located 1200 m above sea level. The second subpopulation inhabits the Quebrada de Humahuaca area at altitudes ranging from 2500 to 3500 m. Both subpopulations have the same ethnic background. All mtDNA haplotypes were identified as Amerindian with a frequency of 64.6% of the B form (9-bp deletion in mtDNA region V). Because all Central Andean Amerindian populations studied so far exhibit high frequencies of the B haplotype, we propose that they probably are derived from a common ancestral population that inhabited the Central Andes 6000-8000 years B.P. The presence of paternal directional mating (asymmetric contribution of one parental lineage to interethnic gene mixtures) was demonstrated by the finding of an average introgression of 40.5% Spanish Y chromosomes into our Amerindian sample. This introgression was more evident at low altitude than at high altitude, with frequencies of 64.3% in San Salvador de Jujuy (low altitude) and 27.6% in Quebrada de Humahuaca (high altitude) (p < 0.05). The San Salvador de Jujuy subpopulation also showed a significantly higher Y-chromosome gene variability than the Quebrada de Humahuaca subpopulation. These findings are in good agreement with historical reports indicating that the colonization of South America was undertaken by men who usually practiced polygamous unions with Amerindian women and that San Salvador de Jujuy was the main northwestern Argentinian region of European to Amerindian gene admixture. We found 16.7% of cases with Spanish Y chromosomes and Amerindian family names, and the same percentage with Amerindian Y chromosomes and Hispanic names. The former group probably is the result of unions between Hispanic men, who transmitted the Y chromosome, and Amerindian women, who transmitted the family name to the progeny. The latter group likely illustrates the practice of changing names from Amerindian to Hispanic during the baptism of native Americans in colonial times.
我们利用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）和Y染色体DNA多态性，分析了阿根廷西北部两个美洲印第安亚群体母系和父系的种族起源。其中一个亚群体来自海拔1200米的胡胡伊省圣萨尔瓦多。第二个亚群体居住在海拔2500至3500米的乌马瓦卡峡谷地区。两个亚群体有着相同的种族背景。所有mtDNA单倍型均被鉴定为美洲印第安型，其中B型（mtDNA区域V中的9碱基对缺失）的频率为64.6%。由于目前所研究的所有安第斯中部美洲印第安群体都显示出B单倍型的高频率，我们推测它们可能源自一个6000 - 8000年前居住在安第斯中部的共同祖先群体。通过在我们的美洲印第安样本中发现平均40.5%的西班牙Y染色体渗入，证实了父系定向交配（一个亲本谱系对族际基因混合的不对称贡献）的存在。这种渗入在低海拔地区比在高海拔地区更明显，在胡胡伊省圣萨尔瓦多（低海拔）的频率为64.3%，在乌马瓦卡峡谷（高海拔）为27.6%（p < 0.05）。胡胡伊省圣萨尔瓦多亚群体的Y染色体基因变异性也显著高于乌马瓦卡峡谷亚群体。这些发现与历史报告高度一致，历史报告表明，南美洲的殖民是由男性进行的，他们通常与美洲印第安女性实行一夫多妻制婚姻，且胡胡伊省圣萨尔瓦多是阿根廷西北部欧洲与美洲印第安基因混合的主要地区。我们发现16.7%的个体具有西班牙Y染色体和美洲印第安姓氏，以及相同比例的个体具有美洲印第安Y染色体和西班牙姓氏。前一组可能是西班牙男性传递Y染色体，与美洲印第安女性结合，而美洲印第安女性将姓氏传给后代的结果。后一组可能说明了在殖民时期美洲原住民受洗时从美洲印第安姓氏改为西班牙姓氏的情况。
