Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
Am J Hum Genet. 2015 Jan 8;96(1):37-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.010. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
Over the past 500 years, North America has been the site of ongoing mixing of Native Americans, European settlers, and Africans (brought largely by the trans-Atlantic slave trade), shaping the early history of what became the United States. We studied the genetic ancestry of 5,269 self-described African Americans, 8,663 Latinos, and 148,789 European Americans who are 23andMe customers and show that the legacy of these historical interactions is visible in the genetic ancestry of present-day Americans. We document pervasive mixed ancestry and asymmetrical male and female ancestry contributions in all groups studied. We show that regional ancestry differences reflect historical events, such as early Spanish colonization, waves of immigration from many regions of Europe, and forced relocation of Native Americans within the US. This study sheds light on the fine-scale differences in ancestry within and across the United States and informs our understanding of the relationship between racial and ethnic identities and genetic ancestry.
在过去的 500 年里，北美一直是美洲原住民、欧洲移民和非洲人（主要是通过跨大西洋奴隶贸易带来的）不断融合的地方，塑造了后来成为美国的早期历史。我们研究了 5269 名自称非裔美国人、8663 名拉丁裔和 148789 名欧洲裔美国人的遗传祖先，他们都是 23andMe 的客户，结果表明，这些历史互动的遗产在当今美国人的遗传祖源中可见。我们记录了所有研究群体中普遍存在的混合祖源和不对称的男性和女性祖源贡献。我们表明，区域祖源差异反映了历史事件，如早期的西班牙殖民、来自欧洲许多地区的移民浪潮以及美国境内美洲原住民的被迫迁移。这项研究揭示了美国内部和跨地区遗传祖源的细微差异，并增进了我们对种族和族裔身份与遗传祖源之间关系的理解。
