Vaidya C J, Austin G, Kirkorian G, Ridlehuber H W, Desmond J E, Glover G H, Gabrieli J D
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 24;95(24):14494-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.24.14494.
Functional MRI revealed differences between children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and healthy controls in their frontal-striatal function and its modulation by methylphenidate during response inhibition. Children performed two go/no-go tasks with and without drug. ADHD children had impaired inhibitory control on both tasks. Off-drug frontal-striatal activation during response inhibition differed between ADHD and healthy children: ADHD children had greater frontal activation on one task and reduced striatal activation on the other task. Drug effects differed between ADHD and healthy children: The drug improved response inhibition in both groups on one task and only in ADHD children on the other task. The drug modulated brain activation during response inhibition on only one task: It increased frontal activation to an equal extent in both groups. In contrast, it increased striatal activation in ADHD children but reduced it in healthy children. These results suggest that ADHD is characterized by atypical frontal-striatal function and that methylphenidate affects striatal activation differently in ADHD than in healthy children.
功能磁共振成像显示，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童与健康对照组在额叶纹状体功能以及反应抑制过程中哌甲酯对其调节方面存在差异。儿童在有药和无药的情况下执行了两项停止信号任务。ADHD儿童在两项任务中抑制控制均受损。ADHD儿童与健康儿童在反应抑制期间的非用药状态下额叶纹状体激活情况不同：ADHD儿童在一项任务中额叶激活增强，而在另一项任务中纹状体激活减弱。ADHD儿童与健康儿童的药物效应不同：药物在一项任务中改善了两组的反应抑制，而在另一项任务中仅改善了ADHD儿童的反应抑制。药物仅在一项任务的反应抑制过程中调节了大脑激活：它在两组中同等程度地增加了额叶激活。相比之下，它增加了ADHD儿童的纹状体激活，但减少了健康儿童的纹状体激活。这些结果表明，ADHD的特征是额叶纹状体功能异常，并且哌甲酯对ADHD儿童纹状体激活的影响与健康儿童不同。
